Perceiving Whether or Not the World Affords Stepping Onto and Over: A Developmental Study

Pufall, Peter B.; Dunbar, Christine

doi:10.1080/10407413.1992.10530791

Cited by 75 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1 Similar findings have been shown for judgments of "step-onability" and "step-over-ability" by children 6, 8, and 10 years of age (Pufall & Dunbar, 1992).…”

Section: Eye-height Scaling In Perceptionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Memory for target height is scaled to observer height

2011

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According to the embodied approach to visual perception, individuals scale the environment to their bodies. This approach highlights the central role of the body for immediate, situated action. The present experiments addressed whether body scaling-specifically, eyeheight scaling-occurs in memory when action is not immediate. Participants viewed standard targets that were either the same height as, taller than, or shorter than themselves. Participants then viewed a comparison target and judged whether the comparison was taller or shorter than the standard target. Participants were most accurate when the standard target height matched their own heights, taking into account postural changes. Participants were biased to underestimate standard target height, in general, and to push standard target height away from their own heights. These results are consistent with the literature on eye-height scaling in visual perception and suggest that body scaling is not only a useful metric for perception and action, but is also preserved in memory.

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“…1 Similar findings have been shown for judgments of "step-onability" and "step-over-ability" by children 6, 8, and 10 years of age (Pufall & Dunbar, 1992).…”

Section: Eye-height Scaling In Perceptionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Memory for target height is scaled to observer height

2011

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“…When the report is a selective nonverbal activity (e.g., grasping and moving an object or stepping onto a surface), positive hysteresis (the ascending π-number exceeds the descending π-number) most often results Lopresti-Goodman et al, 2011;Richardson et al, 2007). When the report is a selective verbal activity (e.g., "two hands" or "step-over-able"), negative hysteresis (the ascending π-number is less than the descending π-number) typically occurs (Fitzpatrick et al, 1994;Hirose & Nishio, 2001;Pufall & Dunbar, 1992;Richardson et al, 2007; see also Tuller et al, 1994). 2 Minimally defined, a dynamical system is a system whose present states (or variables) depend entirely on its previous states (or values of its previous variables) in a lawful way; there are no fortuitous aspects.…”

Section: Dynamical Challenges In Previewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some proposed explanations for negative hysteresis in human perception-action are that selective verbal behavior may promote (a) explicit prediction (Richardson et al, 2007), (b) an emphasis on optimal π-numbers (corresponding to preferred regions of behavior) rather than critical π-numbers (reflecting the limits of an individual's action capabilities; Mark et al, 1997;Warren, 1984), and/or (c) a deemphasis of exproprio-and proextero-specific information (that which undergirds controlled activity in surroundings cluttered at multiple length scales; 4 e.g., Fitzpatrick et al, 1994;Hirose & Nishio, 2001;Lopresti-Goodman et al, 2009;LoprestiGoodman et al, 2011;Pufall & Dunbar, 1992;Richardson et al, 2007). With respect to Point c, it is of some significance to note that, in those experiments generating negative hysteresis or critical points, the specifics of the experiments were such as to hold distinct the perceptual and performatory aspects of the task.…”

Section: Dynamical Challenges In Previewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative hysteresis in the behavioral dynamics of the affordance “graspable”

Lopresti-Goodman

Turvey

Frank

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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One commonly perceives whether a visible object will afford grasping with one hand or with both hands. In experiments in which differently sized objects of a fixed type are presented, the transition from using one of these manual modes to the other depends on the ratio of object size to hand span and on the presentation sequence, with size increasing versus decreasing. Conventional positive hysteresis (i.e., a larger transition ratio for the increasing sequence) can be accommodated by the order parameter dynamics that typify self-organizing systems (Lopresti-Goodman, Turvey, and Frank, Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 73:1948-1965, 2011). Here we identified and addressed conditions of unconventional negative hysteresis (i.e., a larger transition ratio for the decreasing sequence). They suggest a second control parameter in the self-organization of affordance perception, one that is seemingly regulated by inhibitory dynamics occurring in the agent-task-environment system. Our experimental results and modeling extend the investigation of affordance perception within dynamical systems theory.

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“…by selective action-that is, actually performing one-and two-hand grasps-positive hysteresis (α c for ascending sequences is greater than α c for the descending sequences) is the common finding Richardson et al, 2007;van der Kamp et al, 1998). In contrast, negative hysteresis (or enhanced contrast; Tuller, Case, Ding, & Kelso, 1994) is typically seen in experimental contexts when perception is indexed by selective verbal classification (e.g., "two hands," "not step-overable," "stand-on-able"; Fitzpatrick et al, 1994;Hirose & Nishio, 2001;Pufall & Dunbar, 1992;Richardson et al, 2007). A third possible scenario is critical point: The transition occurs at the same α c , regardless of the direction of scaling of α (Tuller et al, 1994).…”

Section: The Gt Model and Affordances In Previewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behavioral dynamics of the affordance “graspable”

Lopresti-Goodman

Turvey

Frank

2011

Atten Percept Psychophys

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On a daily basis, one perceives whether an object affords grasping with one hand or with both hands. In experiments in which differently sized objects of a fixed type have been presented, the transition from using one manual mode to the other has depended on both the ratio of object size to hand span and the presentation sequence-that is, size increasing versus decreasing. The transitions and their observed hysteresis (i.e., a transition ratio larger for the increasing sequence) can be accommodated by the order parameter dynamics typifying self-organizing systems. Here, we show that hysteresis magnitude depends on (a) the interaction between the attractors (one hand vs. two hands) and (b) the strength of the two-hands attractor. Through modeling and experimental results, we extend the investigation of affordance perception within dynamical-systems theory.

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Perceiving Whether or Not the World Affords Stepping Onto and Over: A Developmental Study

Cited by 75 publications

References 16 publications

Memory for target height is scaled to observer height

Memory for target height is scaled to observer height

Negative hysteresis in the behavioral dynamics of the affordance “graspable”

Behavioral dynamics of the affordance “graspable”

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