Perceived violence climate: A new construct and its relationship to workplace physical violence and verbal aggression, and their potential consequences

Examining the Impact of Resilience on Work Stress and Strains in Nurses

“…Nurses suffer from work-related injuries (Guidroz, Wang, & Perez, 2006;Stobbe, Plummer, Jensen, & Attfield, 1988) Sigala, 1995;Bigos et al, 1991;Spector, Coulter, Stockwell, & Matz, 2007). Nursing injuries occur often, and can be costly for organizations because of their impact on nurses, compromised patient wellbeing, and organizational costs (Dugan et al, 1996; U.S. Department of Labor OSHA, 2001;White, 2010).…”

“…Nurses are at the highest risk of experiencing Type II violence (from patients and their family members) as well as Type III violence (from other employees; NIOSH, 2006). Physical aggression (i.e., violence) tends to be perpetrated more by patients (e.g., in psychiatric care units), and verbal aggression tends to be perpetrated more by coworkers than patients (Spector et al, 2007;Lin & Liu, 2005).…”

“…In a study of nurses at a Veteran's Health Administration hospital in the southeast U.S., 25% of nurses reported experiencing violence over the last year, and over 50% reported experiencing verbal aggression (Spector et al, 2007). However, some of the most negative conflicts for nurses occur with coworkers, physicians, and other hospital staff (Sinclair et al, 2009), and are defined as interpersonal conflict.…”

“…Interpersonal conflict functions as a psychosocial hazard, and is especially prevalent in the nursing industry. Given that both violence and verbal aggression are common in hospital settings (Spector et al, 2007) and to some extent are unavoidable, it is important to find methods to help nurses mitigate the negative outcomes that arise from such situations.…”

“…The nursing occupation is characterized by a significant number of stressors, which in turn lead to increased strains, including turnover (Cherniss, 1980), decreased job satisfaction (Aronson, 2005;Hayes, Bonner, & Pryor, 2010), injuries (Bigos et al, 1991;Spector, Coulter, Stockwell, & Matz, 2007), and burnout (Garrosa, Moreno-Jiménez, Rodríguez-Muñoz, & Rodríguez-Carvajal, 2011). Researchers have projected that there will be a significant shortage of between 300,000 and 1 million registered nurses in the U.S. by 2020 (Juraschek, Zhang, Ranganathan, & Lin, 2012).…”