“…This, in turn, points to the importance of designing learning environments in a way that supports control and value appraisals, even if the decrease in these appraisals is to some extent developmental. Past research has confirmed the positive effect of various interventions on control (e.g., O'Mara et al., 2006) and value appraisals (e.g., Hulleman & Harackiewicz, 2020) as well as the role of control and value appraisals as mediators between the classroom (e.g., Lazarides & Buchholz, 2019; Wang & Hu, 2022) or home (e.g., Dong et al., 2020; Luo et al., 2016) learning environments and learning enjoyment. Therefore, creating appropriate conditions for learning both at school and at home, for instance by providing students with support and cognitively activating tasks by teachers (Lazarides & Buchholz, 2019) or assuring support and involvement in the child's learning by parents (Luo et al., 2016), may help strengthen the appraisals.…”