Perceived stress, stigma, and social support among Nepali health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional web-based survey

Giri, Lok Mani; Paudel, Kiran; Bhusal, Sandesh; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Gulis, Gabriel

doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000458

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Stigma related to infectious diseases occurs frequently among HCWs. A systematic review showed that 28% of HCWs experienced stigma and 31% perceived stigma [22], which is comparable to studies reporting on COVID-19 HCWs (proportions ranging from 35%-57%) [23][24][25][26]. Participants from our study expressed that the stigma was mainly rooted in the fear of infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Spruijt,

Cronin,

Udeorji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are at increased risk of being stigmatized, which compromises their individual mental well-being and the quality of care they deliver. Stigma-reduction interventions may (partly) prevent this. However, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the experiences and underlying causes of COVID-19 stigma among HCWs, which is needed to design such interventions. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews to assess COVID-19 stigma among COVID-19 HCWs in Ireland, Nigeria, The Netherlands, Pakistan, and The Philippines. Methods We used a purposive and snowball sampling to recruit a total of 53 HCWs for online interviews (13 in Ireland; 15 in Nigeria; 6 in The Netherlands; 6 in Pakistan; and 13 in The Philippines (2021). After verbatim transcribing interviews, we used a thematic approach for data analysis. Results In all countries, stigmatization of COVID-19 HCWs is driven by fear of infection and the perception of HCWs being carriers of the disease amplified by them wearing of scrubs and personal protective equipment. There were differences between countries in the way stigma manifested in self- anticipated and experienced stigma like scolding, discrimination, avoidance, (self-) isolation, and exclusion in public, in the community, at work, and in the household. The stigma resulted in feelings of depression, loneliness, isolation, and the desire to quit one’s job. Discussion COVID-19 HCWs from all countries experienced all forms of stigmatization related to their work as a COVID-19 frontliner. This affected their mental well-being, which in turn affects job performance and quality of care, there is a high need to develop stigma reduction tools for HCWs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Spruijt,

Cronin,

Udeorji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…When compared to public health professionals, paramedics professionals had a 4.6-fold more favorable attitude toward the COVID-19 booster dose. The most likely explanation could be that paramedic health professionals worked in laboratories collecting samples of COVID-19 (nasopharyngeal swabs) and radiological departments and therefore at more risk of contracting COVID-19 due to close contact with the cases 25 , 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 booster dose among health care professionals in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Paudel

Shah

Bhusal

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Introduction: Vaccination has become the most effective way to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As there have been reports of a gradual decline in the protection it offers, many countries have decided to administer booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. In Nepal, booster doses have been introduced to frontline health workers as a priority group. Therefore, this study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care professionals toward booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 among health care professionals working at public health facilities in Nepal. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors that correlate with knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 booster dose. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 300 participants were included in the final analysis. Among the study participants, 68.0% and 78.6% had good knowledge and favorable attitude toward COVID-19 booster dose, respectively. Female health care workers and those who had received a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine had significantly lower odds of having good knowledge of COVID-19 booster dose. Similarly, participants with lower educational levels and those who had received a single dose of COVID-19 vaccination had an unfavorable attitude toward COVID-19 booster dose. Conclusion: This study showed a satisfactory level of knowledge and attitude of health care professionals toward COVID-19 booster dose in Nepal. Health care professionals’ positive attitude toward COVID-19 booster dose vaccine is key to the patient and community safety. Personalized education and risk communication can aid in improving overall awareness and attitudes toward COVID-19 booster dose in such populations.

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“…Our few study participants faced stigma from close friends or family members, such as when your family members are scared of you. Giri et al (2022) revealed that healthcare workers in Nepal experienced significant levels of perceived stress and stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic, while also highlighting the crucial role of social support in mitigating these negative effects (Giri et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giri et al ( 2022 ) revealed that healthcare workers in Nepal experienced significant levels of perceived stress and stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic, while also highlighting the crucial role of social support in mitigating these negative effects (Giri et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with stigma and manifestations experienced by Indian health care workers involved in COVID-19 management in India: A qualitative study

Grover¹,

Venkatesh²,

Kishore³

et al. 2023

Camb. prisms Glob. ment. health

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Healthcare personnel who deal with COVID-19 experience stigma. There is a lack of national-level representative qualitative data to study COVID-19-related stigma among healthcare workers in India. The present study explores factors associated with stigma and manifestations experienced by Indian healthcare workers involved in COVID-19 management. We conducted in-depth interviews across 10 centres in India, which were analysed using NVivo software version 12. Thematic and sentiment analysis was performed to gain deep insights into the complex phenomenon by categorising the qualitative data into meaningful and related categories. Healthcare workers (HCW) usually addressed the stigma they encountered when doing their COVID duties under the superordinate theme of stigma. Among them, 77.42% said they had been stigmatised in some way. Analyses revealed seven interrelated themes surrounding stigma among healthcare workers. It can be seen that the majority of the stigma and coping sentiments fall into the mixed category, followed by the negative sentiment category. This study contributes to our understanding of stigma and discrimination in low-and middle-income settings. Our data show that the emergence of fear of the virus has quickly turned into a stigma against healthcare workers. Impact statementThis is a study conducted in India to explore the stigma experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in managing COVID-19. The study aimed to understand the factors associated with stigma and its manifestations, with the goal of formulating intervention strategies to support HCWs.

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Perceived stress, stigma, and social support among Nepali health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional web-based survey

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 booster dose among health care professionals in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Factors associated with stigma and manifestations experienced by Indian health care workers involved in COVID-19 management in India: A qualitative study

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