Perceived Stress has Genetic Influences Distinct from Neuroticism and Depression

Rietschel, Liz; Zhu, Gu; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Strohmaier, Jana; Wüst, Stefan; Rietschel, Marcella; Martin, Nicholas G.

doi:10.1007/s10519-013-9636-4

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Both the PSS-PW and PSS-NW were associated with depressive symptoms and neuroticism. Studies have found that stress is associated with both of these things [4,44]. This suggests that both subscales are measuring stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of the Subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale in Older Adults

Jiang

Seng

Zimmerman

et al. 2017

JAD

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Background The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is made up of two subscales but is typically used as a single summary measure. However, research has shown that the two subscales may have differential properties in older adults. Objective To evaluate the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and the concurrent and predictive validity for development of aMCI of the positively-worded (PSS-PW) and negatively-worded (PSS-NW) subscale scores of the PSS in older adults. Methods We recruited community residing older adults free of dementia from the Einstein Aging Study. Reliability of the PSS-PW and PSS-NW was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and intraclass correlation for one year test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity was evaluated by examining the relationship between the PSS subscales and depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and positive and negative affect. Predictive validity was assessed using multivariate Cox regression analyses to examine the relationship between baseline PSS-PW and PSS-NW score and subsequent onset of aMCI. Results Both PSS-PW and PSS-NW showed adequate internal consistency and retest reliabilities. Both the PSS-PW and PSS-NW were associated with depression, neuroticism, and negative affect. The PSS-NW was uniquely associated with anxiety while the PSS-PW was uniquely associated with positive affect. Only the PSS-PW was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of incident aMCI (HR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.06–1.51 for every 5 point increase in PSS-PW). Conclusions Evaluating the separate effects of the two PSS subscales may reveal more information than simply using a single summation score. Future research should investigate the PSS-PW and PSS-NW as separate subscales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of the Subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale in Older Adults

Jiang

Seng

Zimmerman

et al. 2017

JAD

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“…As a result, these individuals tend to experience more stress in response to negative events (Suls, Green, & Hillis, 1998). Finally, perceived stress and neuroticism share common genetic contributions (Rietschel et al, 2014) and are closely related psychometrically (Morgan, Umberson, & Hertzog, 2014). The strong affective responses associated with individual differences in neuroticism further implicate the importance of psychological factors in the stress that an individual experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing the situated features associated with perceived stress

et al. 2016

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We propose that the domain general process of categorization contributes to the perception of stress. When a situation contains features associated with stressful experiences, it is categorized as stressful. From the perspective of situated cognition, the features used to categorize experiences as stressful are the features typically true of stressful situations. To test this hypothesis, we asked participants to evaluate the perceived stress of 572 imagined situations, and to also evaluate each situation for how much it possessed 19 features potentially associated with stressful situations and their processing (e.g., self-threat, familiarity, visual imagery, outcome certainty). Following variable reduction through factor analysis, a core set of 8 features associated with stressful situations—expectation violation, self-threat, coping efficacy, bodily experience, arousal, negative valence, positive valence, and perseveration—all loaded on a single Core Stress Features factor. In a multilevel model, this factor and an Imagery factor explained 88% of the variance in judgments of perceived stress, with significant random effects reflecting differences in how individual participants categorized stress. These results support the hypothesis that people categorize situations as stressful to the extent that typical features of stressful situations are present. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to establish a comprehensive set of features that predicts perceived stress.

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“…The strength of their correlation is moderate to high (r = 0.68 in our study), and correlations between PSS and many types of life circumstances [39] reinforce the view that it may be conceptually and psychometrically related to neuroticism. The two are also genetically related [42]. PSS is interesting in that neuroticism may predispose to depression because of this relation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism in Remitted Major Depression: Elevated with Early Onset but Not Late Onset of Depression

Gade

Kristoffersen²,

Kessing

2015

Psychopathology

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Background: The personality trait of neuroticism is strongly related to depression, but depression is etiologically heterogeneous. Late-onset depression (LOD) may be more closely related to vascular factors, and previous studies of neuroticism in LOD versus early-onset depression (EOD) have not been consistent. Method: We examined neuroticism, extraversion and perceived stress in 88 fully remitted depressed patients with a mean age of 60 years and with a history of hospitalization for major depressive disorder. Patients were divided into those with onset after and those with onset before 50 years of age (LOD and EOD, respectively), and the two groups were compared both with each other and with matched control groups of healthy subjects. Results: EOD patients showed increased levels of neuroticism in comparison with both LOD and matched controls, who did not differ. The association between age of onset and neuroticism was confirmed in analyses based on age of depression onset as a continuous variable. Conclusion: Neuroticism may be an etiological factor in EOD but not or less so in LOD. This finding contributes to the growing evidence for etiological differences between early- and late-onset late-life depression.

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Perceived Stress has Genetic Influences Distinct from Neuroticism and Depression

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluation of the Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of the Subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale in Older Adults

Evaluation of the Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of the Subscales of the Perceived Stress Scale in Older Adults

Establishing the situated features associated with perceived stress

Neuroticism in Remitted Major Depression: Elevated with Early Onset but Not Late Onset of Depression

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