Perceived self-regulation of exercise goals and interfering goals among regular and irregular exercisers: a life space analysis

Karoly, Paul; Ruehlman, Linda S.; Okun, Morris A.; Lutz, Rafer; Newton, Craig; Fairholme, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2004.03.004

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Nevertheless, our findings reveal that this longitudinal relationship is unidirectional. Further, our results accord with those of Karoly et al (2005) who discovered differences between regular and irregular exercisers regarding perceived capacity to self-regulate an exercise-related goal compared with an attractive, interfering goal. Their findings suggest that irregular exercisers favoured the interfering goal, while regular exercisers did not have a preference.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Longitudinal relationships between perceived stress, exercise self-regulation and exercise involvement among physically active adolescents

Gerber

Lindwall

Brand

et al. 2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Stress exposure may undermine exercisers' capability to self-regulate their exercise behaviour. This longitudinal study examined the interplay between perceived stress, exercise self-regulation (assessment of action and coping planning) and participation in vigorous exercise in vocational students. Moreover, this study examined whether high exercise self-regulation moderates the assumed negative relationship between stress and exercise. A sample of 580 physically active vocational students ([Formula: see text] ± s 17.8 ± 1.3 years, 33.8% girls) was assessed. All participants completed two identical validated questionnaires assessing stress, exercise self-regulation and exercise with a span of 10 months in between survey completion periods. The cross-sectional analyses show that high exercise self-regulation attenuated the assumed negative relationship between stress and exercise. In the longitudinal analyses, however, only a non-significant trend was found. Significant longitudinal relationships existed between exercise self-regulation and exercise involvement. Latent difference score models revealed that a drop in the exercise self-regulation was associated with a concurrent decrease in exercise participation. Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that high exercise self-regulation levels positively predicted exercise behaviour, but an inverse relationship was not supported. The findings suggested that higher exercise self-regulation levels were positively associated with future exercise involvement in currently active adolescents. While partial support was found that exercise self-regulation moderated the influence of stress on exercise, the findings demonstrated that higher exercise self-regulation levels had a positive impact on future exercise involvement in already active individuals.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Longitudinal relationships between perceived stress, exercise self-regulation and exercise involvement among physically active adolescents

Gerber

Lindwall

Brand

et al. 2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Nevertheless, given that less active individuals have more conflicting goals and focus upon them more than their PA, the generalizability of the findings seems reasonable [pic] (Gebhardt & Maes, 1998;Jung & Brawley, 2010;Karoly, et al, 2005). While based on a student sample, the observed relationship between gender and MVPA is consistent with national health survey results which show that men report engaging in more PA than women, as is the finding that age is negatively associated with PA (Corbett, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Strengths Limitations and Future Researchsupporting

confidence: 59%

Goal conflict and goal facilitation as predictors of daily accelerometer-assessed physical activity.

et al. 2013

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractObjective: To test whether perceptions of conflicting and facilitating personal goals, and actual daily time spent in their pursuit, predict accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA). Methods: A prospective multi-level design with a daily accelerometer-based assessment of PA over one week was used (N=106). Participants' personal goals were elicited using personal projects analysis. Participants then rated their personal goals in terms of how they were perceived to facilitate and conflict with their regular PA. Items assessing PA-specific intention and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were also embedded within the baseline measures. For the subsequent seven consecutive days, participants completed a daily diary based on the day reconstruction method, indicating the time spent in daily episodes involving each of their personal goals, and wore an RT3 tri-axial accelerometer. The main outcome was accelerometer-assessed daily time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: Random intercept multilevel models indicated that perceived goal facilitation, but not perceived goal conflict, predicted MVPA over and above intention and PBC. Daily time pursuing conflicting goals negatively predicted MVPA when subsequently added to the model and in so doing, attenuated the association between perceived goal facilitation and MVPA. Conclusion: Perceived goal facilitation predicts objectively measured PA over and above intention and PBC, but daily time spent in pursuit of conflicting personal goals provides a better account of how alternative goals relate to engaging in regular PA.

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“…Adherence to an exercise programme requires considerable self-regulatory effort (Bandura, 2005;Karoly et al, 2005). Self-regulatory skills such as anticipating and developing plans to overcome exercise barriers (Sniehotta, Scholz, & Schwarzer, 2006), creating exercise plans and schedules (Arbour & Martin Ginis, 2009) and managing exercise-related pain and discomfort (Sullivan et al, 2002) are important determinants of exercise adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the limited strength model of self-regulation to understanding exercise effort, planning and adherence

Ginis

Bray

2010

Psychology & Health

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The limited strength model posits that self-regulatory strength is a finite, renewable resource that is drained when people attempt to regulate their emotions, thoughts or behaviours. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-regulatory depletion can explain lapses in exercise effort, planning and adherence. In a lab-based experiment, participants exposed to a self-regulatory depletion manipulation generated lower levels of work during a 10 min bicycling task, and planned to exert less effort during an upcoming exercise bout, compared with control participants. The magnitude of reduction in planned exercise effort predicted exercise adherence over a subsequent 8-week period. Together, these results suggest that self-regulatory depletion can influence exercise effort, planning and decision-making and that the depletion of self-regulatory resources can explain episodes of exercise non-adherence both in the lab and in everyday life.

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Perceived self-regulation of exercise goals and interfering goals among regular and irregular exercisers: a life space analysis

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Longitudinal relationships between perceived stress, exercise self-regulation and exercise involvement among physically active adolescents

Longitudinal relationships between perceived stress, exercise self-regulation and exercise involvement among physically active adolescents

Goal conflict and goal facilitation as predictors of daily accelerometer-assessed physical activity.

Application of the limited strength model of self-regulation to understanding exercise effort, planning and adherence

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