Perceived safety and preparedness for active shooter incidents among undergraduate students

Scott, Cassidy; Andersen, Abigail; Wilson, Jason; Kobayashi, Akiko

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102202

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Third, they must be aware of the potential actions of third parties (e.g., active shooters, bomb threat, fights in crowd) that may expose attendees to harm (Bearman v. Notre Dame, 1983). While the burden of managing the potential risk for an active shooter situation may fall on the university's athletic department and campus police (Reese, 2021;Scott et al, 2021;), such a study has not been previously investigated at NCAA Division I intercollegiate football games. Results from this study demonstrate the differences in opinion that exist as to (a) the likelihood of an ASI occurring at a football game as well as (b) the decision-maker's ability to manager and effectively respond to that risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Las Vegas ASI is an example of a reactive approach to risk management, following a high-profile incident. As a result, institutions implemented a number of new security protocols (Scott et al 2021). Some of those new protocols involved securing buildings overlooking stadiums, finding weaknesses in already-developed plans, and raising awareness to all stakeholders (Erdem et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fourth possible reason an ASI could happen deals with the venue operators' perceptions related to the likelihood of an actual occurrence. Scott et al (2021) related that when undergraduate college students felt the university was prepared to provide safety during an ASI, they felt safer and believed no harm would befall them.…”

Section: Motivations For Active Shooter Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is significant as FBS Division I has the greatest amount of television exposure and largest attended regular season contests in college athletics. Although legislative and crisis management advancements have been made, universities may not be fully prepared for an ASI due to the openness of the campus (Pitts, 2019;Scott et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active Shooter Preparedness: Perceptions of NCAA Division I Athletic Directors and Campus Police Chiefs

Curto

Goldsmith²,

Miller³

et al. 2023

JLAS

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Thousands of fans descend onto college campuses every Saturday during the fall to watch National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Power 5 and Group of 5 college football games. Power 5 is used to describe five of ten athletic conferences (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, and the SEC) which are considered the most prominent and highest earning athletic conferences in college football whose teams compete in the NCAA Division 1 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Group of 5 is an assembly of five conferences that also compete in NCAA Division I FBS. Group of 5 college football teams often compete against Power 5 and Independent teams during the regular season and bowl games (Vannini, 2022). The largest stadium seating capacity Group of 5 schools is around 40,000 people compared to the Power 5 stadiums, 10 of which seat at least 90,000 people (Chiusano, 2022). While the seating capacity at Group of 5 schools is not as great as Power 5 institutions it still represents a significant population (Vannini, 2022).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivations For Active Shooter Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Active Shooter Preparedness: Perceptions of NCAA Division I Athletic Directors and Campus Police Chiefs

Curto

Goldsmith²,

Miller³

et al. 2023

JLAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition to measurable preparedness, subjective 'feeling of preparedness' is a common outcome measure when studying active shooter trainings. Research has found that these feelings of preparedness in can shift in response to even video-based trainings (Peterson et al, 2015;Scott et al, 2021). One national study surveying youth and active shooter drills found that the minority of youth felt more prepared (20.3%) as a result of trainings and that many (24.0%) believed these trainings do not make schools safer (Moore-Petinak et al, 2020).…”

Section: Safety and Preparednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Know (or NOT Know) About School Shooter Response Training?

Walsh,

Curran,

Ernestus

2023

Preprint

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Active shooter response trainings are designed to train school personnel and students on how to respond to emergencies in ways that will (in theory) save lives (King & Bracy, 2019). As these trainings are increasing in prevalence in educational settings (Cox & Rich, 2018), it is increasingly likely that individuals who work with schools and school-aged children will be asked to treat, advise, educate, or counsel individuals who are impacted by these trainings. However, there are substantial gaps in the literature on the efficacy and impact of these trainings on students that hamper our ability to provide evidence-based services. This review first identifies the basic structure of active shooter training format and content. Next, we review the available outcome research on safety, preparedness, stress, and long-term mental and emotional health based on training format and content. Finally, we identify some specific characteristics (participants of color, children of different ages, adverse experience and trauma history) that may guide thinking of individual differences in these trainings’ impact. Finally, we detail important considerations that support best practice decision making and next steps.

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