Perceived parenting styles and primary attachment styles of single and children living with both parents

Abstract

Objective: The study investigates the association between perceived primary parenting styles and attachment styles between single parent children and children living with both parents. Methods: A correlational research study was carried out on a sample of 200 children, 100single parent children (Boys=50; Girls=50) taken from single parent families living in child protection and welfare bureau and 100 children living with both parents (Boys=50; Girls=50) enrolled in different grades taken from a private school of Lahore, through purposive sampling strategy. The study was carried out at Lahore Garrison University from September 2017 to march 2017.After obtaining permission from authorities, children were given Parental Authority Questionnaireand the Urdu version of Inventory of Parental and Peer attachment. Results:The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between permissive parenting styles with mother’scommunication (*p<.05); authoritarian parenting style has negative correlation with parental communication, and trust(***p<.001). Authoritative parenting has significant positive relationship with trust (***p<.001), and communication with parents (***p<.001), negative relationship between authoritative parenting with feeling alienated from parents (*p<.01). The resultsof t-test also revealed that single parent children perceive their parents as authoritarian (***p<.001) and had more alienated attachment with parents (***p<.001), whereas children living with both parents had more trust (***p<.001) and had better communication with their parents (***p<.001). Conclusion: Current research is insightful in understanding the role of parents and different parenting styles in building up strong parent child attachment. Continuous...

A Test of the Self-Medication Hypothesis Using a Latent Measurement Model: Are Stress and Impaired Control over Alcohol Mediating Mechanisms of Parenting Styles on Heavy Episodic Drinking and Alcohol-Related Problems among University Students?

“…These studies point to how parent-child relationships influence the development of stress regulation throughout childhood, as well as through early adolescence. Parenting styles, while more distal, contribute to the quality of parental bonds and attachment, even in late adolescence and emerging adulthood [17,18,27]. Conceivably, parenting styles may have a lasting influence on offspring stress and other related factors throughout development.…”

How Parenting Style Varies Between the Sexualities and Cultures in the Aspects of Evolutionary Psychology

“…"Compared to children who lived with both parents, children of single parents had a more distant relationship with their parents and a perception of them as being authoritarian. While communication and trust work better within two parents' families [28]." They need to worry about their children's safety, physical problems, but also have to deal with economic and environmental pressures, so strict discipline and control becomes a more appropriate parenting style for them to maintain their authority.…”

Emotional Regulation in Parental Optimism—The Influence of Parenting Style

“…It has been shown that the parenting style approached in the relationship with a child can become their own parenting style in adult life [30]. Authoritarian parenting is associated with diminished communication skills, whereas authoritative parenting style leads to confidence in parenting skills, as well as effective parent-child communication [31]. The permissive parenting style can induce atypical behaviors in the child, but also generalized anxiety [32].…”