Perceived drivers and barriers in the governance of wastewater treatment and reuse in India: Insights from a two-round Delphi study

Impact of Socially Responsible Business Behavior on Implementing the Principles of Sustainable Development (Experience of Large Business)

“…A review of the scientific literature reveals that many researchers focus on the role of socially responsible businesses in implementing specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These areas include the development of rural or green tourism within environmental management systems [21,22], wastewater treatment and reuse [23], the promotion of a circular economy and sustainability-focused innovations [24,25], the creation of clean technologies [26], and ensuring environmental safety [27,28], among others. The range of topics addressed by researchers is diverse, making it nearly impossible to cover all in a single study.…”

A Review of Reclaimed Water Reuse for Irrigation in South Asian Countries

“…47 In Hyderabad, RW irrigation is relatively widespread, driven mostly by the prospect of applying nutrient-rich sewage as an alternative for freshwater and fertilizers. 31 However, large scale reuse of RW is not practiced, which might be because of inconsistent and insufficient demand for RW, primarily due to lack of awareness, incentives, and supporting policies to use RW over conventional water sources. In recent years, there have been reforms in the wastewater management schemes in India.…”

“…Few RW reuse projects are functioning in Bangalore, Kanpur, and Chennai for agriculture, horticulture, construction, and other nonpotable scenarios . In Hyderabad, RW irrigation is relatively widespread, driven mostly by the prospect of applying nutrient-rich sewage as an alternative for freshwater and fertilizers . However, large scale reuse of RW is not practiced, which might be because of inconsistent and insufficient demand for RW, primarily due to lack of awareness, incentives, and supporting policies to use RW over conventional water sources.…”

“…Despite the existence of numerous guidelines ranging from liberal to restrictive which could be used as a reference, South Asian countries except India have failed to develop clear stringent guidelines and specific quality standards for RW reuse as of 2022. , India’s guideline is similar to FAO’s less restrictive guidelines, which makes RW reuse technically and financially viable. , However, the authorities have little control over the quality of crops grown from wastewater irrigation, posing severe health risks to the consumers . Thus, to minimize toxic hazards, maintain crop productivity, control crop quality, and encourage safe reuse of RW, the need for comprehensive guidelines as well as political intervention within the South Asian region is dire.…”

Production of engineered algal biochar through microwave pyrolysis for nutrient recovery from aqueous solution

“…Nitrates in excess lead to groundwater pollution and an excessive amount of phosphate leads to eutrophication of receiving water bodies, which affects aquatic life. Hence, nutrient removal as a tertiary treatment is essential before discharging the treated effluent into water bodies to avoid ill effects on the environment (Breitenmoser et al., 2022). Various treatment methods, such as adsorption, chemical precipitation, biological nitrification/denitrification, etc., are employed for nutrient removal from wastewater (Rajesh Banu et al., 2021).…”