Perceived Discrimination and Mental Well-being in Arab Americans from Southeast Michigan: a Cross-Sectional Study

Kader, Farah; Bazzi, Latifa; Khoja, Lilah; Hassan, Fatima; Leon, Carlos Mendes de

doi:10.1007/s40615-019-00672-y

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Furthermore, we replicated the findings of Flores et al suggesting that perceived stress is also associated with an increase in the odds of developing depression in Arab Americans [28]. Finally, our findings differ from the findings of Kader et al, as we did not find that everyday discrimination was associated with depression in Arab Americans [4]. Differences between our findings and Kader et al may be due to the fact that we included other domains of stress such as perceived stress and acculturative stress that may have driven the significant effect of everyday discrimination in their study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Previous literature has shown an association between stress and the prevalence of depression [4][5][6]27]. For example, Flores et al reported that perceived stress independently predicted depression in Mexican-American adults [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, they also found the ethnicity moderates the effect on mental health outcomes [30]. As it relates to Arab Americans, Kader et al showed that everyday discrimination was associated with greater odds of depression [4]. Finally, acculturative stress has also been found to be associated with depression in Korean, Chinese, and Latino Puerto Ricans [31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies -Depression (CES-D) 20item scale [20]. We selected the CES-D scale because it has been found to be a validated and highly reliable measure of depression in Arab Americans [4,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Study Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Stress, Acculturation, and Heritage Identity on Depression in Arab Americans

Suleiman

Afify

Whitfield

2021

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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Introduction: Arab Americans are significantly affected by depression with prevalence as high as 50%. Our study assesses whether unique causes of depression such as stress, acculturation, and heritage identity play a role in the high prevalence of depression in Arab Americans. Methods: We surveyed 142 self-identified Arab Americans using a convenience model. Participants answered questions about their level of perceived stress, everyday discrimination, and acculturative stress. They also answered questions regarding their level of acculturation and heritage identity. Finally, participants answered questions regarding their depressive symptoms. A score of 16+ on the depression scale was used as the cut-off for depression. Results: The prevalence of depression in our sample was 60%. In our logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, BMI and education, we found that perceived stress (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.10, 1.33, p < 0.01) and acculturative stress (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.05, p < 0.05) were associated with greater odds of having depression in Arab Americans. We did not find that everyday discrimination, acculturation, or heritage identity were associated with depression in Arab Americans (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows that perceived stress and acculturative stress increase the odds of depression in Arab Americans and therefore may play a role in the high prevalence of depression in this population. We hope our findings inform clinicians on the important underlying causes that may be causing depression in their Arab American patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Stress, Acculturation, and Heritage Identity on Depression in Arab Americans

Suleiman

Afify

Whitfield

2021

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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“…An inverse relationship between discrimination and wellbeing levels has been reported in studies of both the general population (Schmitt et al, 2014;Castaneda et al, 2015) and migrant population (Jasinskaja-Lahti et al, 2006a,b;Mesch et al, 2008;Sevillano et al, 2013;Giuliani et al, 2018;Stevens and Thijs, 2018;Kader et al, 2020). However, studies on the factors that may moderate or mediate this relationship are still scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Affects as Mediators of the Negative Effects of Discrimination on Psychological Well-Being in the Migrant Population

2020

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There is abundant empirical evidence on the negative effects of discrimination on psychological well-being. However, little research has focused on exploring the factors that can mitigate this effect. Within this framework, the present study examined the mediating role of positive and negative affects in the relationship between ethnic and racial discrimination and psychological well-being in the migrant population. About 919 Colombians, first-generation migrants, residing in Chile (Arica, Antofagasta, and Santiago) were evaluated, of which 50.5% were women, and the participants’ average age was 35 years (range: 18–65 years). Krieger’s discrimination questionnaires, Watson’s Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale were applied. The measurement models of each variable were estimated, and then the structural equation models were used. The results of the hypothesized multiple mediation model showed that the main mediator in the relationship between ethnic-racial discrimination and psychological well-being was positive affects over negative ones.

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Contexts of Immigration and Diversity: Biopsychosocial Implications for Arab Americans

Ajrouch,

Arar,

Nassar

2023

Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans

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Perceived Discrimination and Mental Well-being in Arab Americans from Southeast Michigan: a Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

The Effect of Stress, Acculturation, and Heritage Identity on Depression in Arab Americans

The Effect of Stress, Acculturation, and Heritage Identity on Depression in Arab Americans

Affects as Mediators of the Negative Effects of Discrimination on Psychological Well-Being in the Migrant Population

Contexts of Immigration and Diversity: Biopsychosocial Implications for Arab Americans

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