Perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among US Latinos: the modifying role of educational attainment

Ward, Julia B.; Feinstein, Lydia; Vines, Anissa I.; Robinson, Whitney R.; Haan, Mary N.; Aiello, Allison E.

doi:10.1080/13557858.2017.1315378

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Lower DASS-21 scores in individuals with higher education levels also support the findings of a previous study, suggesting a lower risk of depressive disorder among well-educated subjects [40]. A large population-based survey in China highlighted that education level influenced depression or anxiety risk [41] albeit the presence of intermediary variables between education and negative percepts, such as occupational factors [42] or discrimination [43]. Subjects with low levels of education potentially have a greater inclination toward anxiety [44] because they may struggle to understand information about the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Psychological distress among Greater Jakarta area residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and community containment

Elvira¹,

Lamuri²,

Lukman³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging pandemic affecting the global population. Community-based quarantine can slow down the pandemic growth while adversely affecting population-wide psychological well-being. Affected psychological well-being could potentially influence population compliance in following stipulated community quarantine procedures. Aim: The aim was to quantify psychological distress among Greater Jakarta area residents during the community containment period. Objectives: The objective was to measure depression, anxiety, and stress levels using the Indonesian version of the DASS-21. Demographic data on sex, education strata, and working/productive-age group were also collected. Methods: This cross-sectional observational analytic study employed an online questionnaire involving participants acquired through snowball sampling. The questionnaire comprises two parts: demographic data and psychological distress indicators. Linear regression evaluated psychological distress as a response variable. Results: Among 1,205 women and 824 men, our findings suggested male sex, age in the range of 15-24 years, and having a bachelor's degree or professional qualification have a strong association with psychological distress. Conclusion: By addressing the population at risk, policymakers can identify better countermeasures for preventing psychological distress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Psychological distress among Greater Jakarta area residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and community containment

Elvira¹,

Lamuri²,

Lukman³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notably, stigma has been examined as a factor for depression [ 21 ]. Numerous studies have indicated stigma as a cause of or an exacerbating variable in depression, including sexual orientation [ 22 ] weight [ 23 ], HIV/AIDS [ 24 , 25 ], race and ethnicity [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], disability [ 30 ], and citizenship status [ 31 ]. Anticipated stigma surrounding mental health can be a cause for delaying, avoiding or disengaging in treatment [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Experiences of Mental Health among Trans/Gender Diverse Adults in Michigan

Kattari

Johnson

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Transgender and gender diverse individuals experience high rates of health disparities, as compared with their cisgender (non-transgender) counterparts. One area in which these disparities is most grave is that of mental health, with some studies indicating transgender and gender diverse individuals as having a 40% rate of lifetime suicide attempts and similarly high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. These rates vary further within this population, with differential rates seen across sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disability status, education level, and income. This study explores mental health experiences across different social identities, using data from the 2018 Michigan Trans Health Survey (N = 659), a community-based participatory action research project collected in Michigan, United States, analyzed using chi-square tests of independence and logistic regressions. Findings indicate incredibly high rates of mental health concerns; 72.2% had been diagnosed with depression in their lifetime and 73.0% had been diagnosed with anxiety in their lifetime. In the past year, 49.9% had had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) thoughts, 45.4% had suicidal thoughts, 26.3% engaged in NSSI, and 7.7% had attempted suicide. Bivariate regressions showed some nuanced experiences of rates of mental health diagnoses and experiences, such as greater odds of experiencing all mental health disparities among those with disabilities, and differential odds across gender in regard to ever having a depression diagnosis, non-suicidal self-injury thoughts and engaging in non-suicidal self-injury behavior. This indicates a need for social workers, counselors, therapists, and other human services professionals to act more intentionally and with an intersectional lens when it comes to exploring the mental health of transgender and gender diverse persons.

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“…Systematic reviews reveal the strongest associations for harmful health effects are across a range of mental health outcomes including psychological distress, mental illness such as depression and anxiety, and suicidal ideation 1,2 , with poor mental health as a consequence of discrimination seen among Black 3,4 , Latino 5,6 , Asian/ Pacific Islander 7,8 , American Indian 9 , Middle Eastern/Arab 10 , and White communities 11 . Factors influencing mental health impacts include coping style, sex, socioeconomic class, educational attainment, and racial/ethnic group affiliation 1,5,12 . One potential mechanism underlying the perceived discrimination-health relationship is allostatic load developed by heighted stress responses and negative emotional states from experiences of discrimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worse Mental Health Among More-Acculturated and Younger Immigrants Experiencing Discrimination: California Health Interview Survey, 2015–2016

Saadi

Ponce²

2019

J GEN INTERN MED

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BACKGROUND: Experiences of discrimination harm mental and physical health, with the strongest penalty on mental health. Among immigrants, it remains unclear how acculturation-the process by which immigrants acquire the beliefs and practices of a host culture-influences the mental health burden of navigating discrimination. On the one hand, acculturation can be associated with upward social mobility. Conversely, the acculturative process may increase exposure to, and recognition of, discrimination. OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between discrimination and mental illness across racial/ethnic groups, and pathways by which acculturation and age relate to the discrimination-mental health relationship. DESIGN: A secondary data analysis using population data from the 2015-2016 California Health Interview Survey. MAIN MEASURES: The Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6) assessed symptoms of psychological distress, with K6 score ≥ 13 associated with severe mental illness. Discrimination was measured using a self-reported measure of lifetime experience of unfair treatment in getting medical care. We used a 5-point acculturation index (constructed by measures of nativity, years living in the USA, and home language use). A weighted logistic regression model predicted mental illness as a function of discrimination. We ran mediational analysis using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method and used predictive margins to present predicted probabilities of mental illness for people reporting discrimination at different acculturation and age levels. KEY RESULTS: There were independent effects on mental illness associated with increased discrimination (OR 3.85, 95% CI = 2.46, 6.03, p < 0.001) and increased acculturation (OR 1.72, 95% CI = 1.24, 2.38, p = 0.001), including when stratified across racial/ethnic groups. Higher levels of acculturation led to a significant increase in discrimination's association with mental illness. There was a higher probability of mental illness in younger age groups than in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS: While discrimination is associated with poor mental health, a stronger link between discrimination and mental illness exists among younger immigrants and immigrants with increased acculturation. Health practitioners should not overlook the mental health needs of younger immigrants and immigrants who may seem more integrated into US society.

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Perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among US Latinos: the modifying role of educational attainment

Cited by 26 publications

References 74 publications

Psychological distress among Greater Jakarta area residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and community containment

Psychological distress among Greater Jakarta area residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and community containment

Differential Experiences of Mental Health among Trans/Gender Diverse Adults in Michigan

Worse Mental Health Among More-Acculturated and Younger Immigrants Experiencing Discrimination: California Health Interview Survey, 2015–2016

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