Perceived Combat Readiness as Collective Efficacy: Individual- and Group-Level Analysis

Leading Military Teams to Think and Feel: Exploring the Relations Between Leadership, Soldiers' Cognitive and Affective Processes, and Team Effectiveness

“…More specifically, given the military context 220 in which this study was conducted, current team effectiveness referred to team members' perceptions of their unit's readiness for combat as well as their effectiveness in non-combat duties. Although perceived combat readiness has sometimes been conceptualized as unit efficacy (e.g., Shamir, Zakay, Brainin, & Popper, 2000), it has also been used as a construct reflecting performance in its own right (e.g., Griffith, 1988). Future team effectiveness was defined as team viability, referring to the desire or perceived capacity of team members to work together in the future.…”

The conceptualisation and measurement of combat readiness for peace-support operations – an exploratory study

“…administered during 1981 in the Golan Heights. During the late nineties Shamir, Brainin, zakay and Popper (2000) did research on perceived combat readiness.…”

“…The SANDF's Defence Inspectorate (van Vuuren, 2000) emphasises that aspects such as military capability, operational readiness and combat readiness are closely interconnected and objectively depend upon one another. Although some authors (Hooker, 1998;Shamir, et al, 2000;McClure & Broughton, 2000;van Vuuren, 2000) define the concepts combat readiness, unit readiness and operational readiness differently, commonalities between them are readily apparent. This view is supported by Kruys (2001), who states that the terms readiness, combat efficiency, combat proficiency and combat power are very often used to mean the same thing.…”

“…The measure of a soldier's willingness or motivation to participate in military operations Baynes (1967), Brown & Moskos (1976), Manning (1991), Richardson (1978) Discipline The degree to which soldiers comply with military rules and regulations Anon (1995), Baynes (1967), Department of the Army (Field Manual 22-51), Finch (1998), Kellett (1982), MacDonough (1991), Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada (1997), Richardson (1978), Riemer (1998), Rush (1999), Shamir, Brainin, zakay & Popper (2000), Shay (1998), Skaggs (1997), Thomas & O'Hara (2000) and weapons; unit cohesion and morale; familiarity with mission and frontage; confidence in immediate commanders; enemy evaluation; legitimacy of war; worries and concerns. Gal (1986) concluded that the data analysis suggests the existence of a higher order concept which he labelled "unit climate".…”

“…A recent study conducted by Shamir et al (2000) conceptualised perceived combat readiness as an important component of morale in terms of collective efficacy beliefs as they apply to military units. A principal component factor analysis was conducted and three factors were extracted which they named combat readiness (collective efficacy), unit discipline, and identification with the unit.…”