“…In earlier studies, consumption patterns among other socio‐economic, environmental, behavioural and cultural practices are consistently being linked with environmental degradation (Apergis & Ozturk, 2015; Auci & Vignani, 2014; Cop, Alola, & Alola, 2020; Dogan & Ozturk, 2017; Ibrahim & Alola, 2020; Kim, 2002; Wang, Wang, Du, Li, & He, 2020). By expanding related studies on environmental sustainability in the EU (Gardiner & Hajek, 2020), the environmental effect of per capita of domestic material consumption and income in addition to the renewable energy utilisation in the panel of EU‐28 is model as follows: where the GHG accounts for the environmental degradation and upon the logarithmic transformation of the model, the functional form is now presented as follows: where ф 0 is the constant of the panel estimate and ф 1 , ф 2 , ф 3 are the respective environmental degradation (GHG) effect of GDPC, DMCC and RENE.…”