Perceived and Reported Reliability of the Electricity Supply at Three Urban Locations in Indonesia

Abstract

This paper focuses on the reliability of electricity supply at three different locations in Indonesia, namely in Sumatra, Timor, and Papua, through a comparison of reported indices of power reliability (SAIFI and SAIDI) and experimental results from user surveys and power measurements. The reason for this study is the lack of information about the actual, quantified reliability of power supplied by the main grid in Indonesia, while narratives of end-users indicate the reliability might be unsatisfactory. The study was executed using data from 114 randomly-selected respondents in the city of Pekanbaru in Sumatra, 65 in the city of Kupang in Timor and 26 in the city of Jayapura in Papua, totaling 205 respondents. These users experienced a higher unavailability of power delivered by the grid than expressed by the utility-reported SAIDI and SAIFI. Therefore, for this study, new indices are introduced, namely the Perceived (P) SAIDI and SAIFI, which are based on the frequency and duration of blackouts experienced by the users. It is concluded that the reported reliability indices do not always demonstrate the experience of the grid users. P-SAIFIs were 1.3 to 4.6 times higher in Pekanbaru and Kupang, respectively than the utility-reported SAIFIs for the same provinces. Also, P-SAIDIs were 2.6 to 3.9 times higher in Pekanbaru and Kupang, respectively, than the utilities' SAIDIs. It is therefore not surprising that depending on the location, 14% to 65% of the users own a backup generator and that households are willing to pay $3 to $8 extra per monthly electricity bill or $1c-$3c per kWh for improved reliability.

Investment Strategy and Multi–Objective Optimization Scheme for Premium Power under the Background of the Opening of Electric Retail Side

“…Customers' perceived utility can be used to characterize premium power value [9]. Customers' satisfaction degree can be reflected by the utility brought by the premium power investment [41,42]. In fact, sensitive customers' demands are distinct, while different investment schemes bring different benefits to the NERC.…”

Management of Smart Switchboard Placement to Enhance Distribution System Reliability

“…The electric network has a hierarchical structure. On the top, the high voltage (750, 400, 220 and 120 kV) transmission network (HV) locates which is followed by the medium voltage (35,22 and 11 kV) network (MV). The low voltage (0.4 kV) network is located at the bottom of the hierarchy (LV).…”

“…Modeling of the impact of automation failure on distribution system reliability is presented in paper [21]. Reinders [22] focuses on the reliability of electricity supply at three different locations in Indonesia by comparing reported energy reliability indices (SAIFI and SAIDI). A common FLISR approach is to use error indicator (FI) signals with distribution network states [23].…”

The Role of Photovoltaics (PV) in the Present and Future Situation of Suriname

“…(2015) [1] and Kunaifi and Reinders, A. (2018) [2] have been consulted and used as references. Suriname, a country along the northeast coast of South America, has an area of approximately 163,821 km 2 and an estimated inhabitants of 567,000 [3].…”

“…(2018) [2] have been consulted and used as references. Suriname, a country along the northeast coast of South America, has an area of approximately 163,821 km 2 and an estimated inhabitants of 567,000 [3]. Approximately 90% of the population lives in the coastal region while 10% lives in the interior (the Hinterland).…”