Perceived Age Change After Aesthetic Facial Surgical Procedures

Chauhan, Nitin; Warner, Jeremy P.; Adamson, Peter A.

doi:10.1001/archfacial.2011.1561

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In further evaluating our data, when we selected the paired stimulus that only directly compared a photograph from group A with one from group B (2015 pairs), observers indicated that the photograph without separation of the aesthetic unit was younger 95% of the time. Finally, within-rater reliability was found to be very good (r = 0.88), 9 have evaluated facial rejuvenation procedures and their effectiveness in reducing the apparent age of patients. These studies were the first objective efforts to empirically determine the effect of facial rejuvenation procedures on perceived facial age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aesthetic Unit Principle of Facial Aging

Tan

Brandt

Yeung

et al. 2015

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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IMPORTANCEIn youth, facial aesthetic units flow together without perceptible division. The face appears as a single dynamic structure with a smooth contour and very little if any shadowing between different anatomical regions. As one ages, facial aesthetic units slowly become distinct. This process may be a consequence of differences in skin thickness, composition of subcutaneous tissue, contour of the facial skeleton, and location of facial ligaments. Although the impact of aesthetic unit separation is clinically apparent, its fundamental role in perceived facial aging has not yet been defined empirically.OBJECTIVES To evaluate and define the effect of aesthetic unit separation on facial aging and to empirically validate the rationale for the blending of aesthetic units as a principle for facial rejuvenation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSWe prepared the photographs of 7 women for experimental evaluation of the presence or absence of facial aesthetic unit separation. Photographic stimuli were then presented to 24 naive observers in a blinded paired comparison. For each stimulus pair, observers were asked to select the facial photograph that they considered to be more youthful in appearance. Each stimulus was compared with all others. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESWe calculated a preference score for the total number of times any photograph was chosen to be more youthful compared with all others. Paired t tests were used to compare the preference scores between the facial stimuli with and without aesthetic unit separation. RESULTSWe generated 4032 responses for analysis. Photographs without facial aesthetic unit separation were consistently judged to be more youthful than their aged original or modified counterparts, with mean preference scores of 0.66 and 0.33, respectively (P Յ .047). When we selected the paired stimulus that directly compared one photograph with aesthetic unit separation with another with blended aesthetic units (2015 pairs), observers indicated that the photograph with the blended aesthetic unit was younger 95% of the time. Within-rater reliability was found to be very good (r = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEOur data support the hypothesis that facial aesthetic unit separation influences perceived facial youthfulness among photographs of women. The presence of facial aesthetic unit separation results in a less youthful appearance. Based on these empirical data, the concept of facial aesthetic unit separation appears to play a significant role in perceived facial aging.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aesthetic Unit Principle of Facial Aging

Tan

Brandt

Yeung

et al. 2015

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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“…Various studies 7,19 have examined the effect of face-lift surgery on perceived age. However, few studies have specifically quantified the effect of face-lift surgery on estimated age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Face-lift Surgery With Social Perception, Age, Attractiveness, Health, and Success

Nellis

Ishii

Papel

et al. 2017

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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IMPORTANCE Evidence quantifying the influence of face-lift surgery on societal perceptions is lacking.OBJECTIVE To measure the association of face-lift surgery with observer-graded perceived age, attractiveness, success, and overall health. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn a web-based survey, 526 casual observers naive to the purpose of the study viewed independent images of 13 unique female patient faces before or after face-lift surgery from January 1, 2016, through June 30, 2016. The Delphi method was used to select standardized patient images confirming appropriate patient candidacy and overall surgical effect. Observers estimated age and rated the attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health for each patient image. Facial perception questions were answered on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores corresponding to more positive responses. To evaluate the accuracy of observer age estimation, the patients' preoperative estimated mean age was compared with the patients' actual mean age. A multivariate mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of face-lift surgery. To further characterize the effect of face-lift surgery, estimated ordinal-rank change was calculated for each domain. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Blinded casual observer ratings of patients estimated age, attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health. RESULTS A total of 483 observers (mean [SD] age, 29 [8.6] years; 382 women [79.4%]) successfully completed the survey. Comparing patients' preoperative estimated mean (SD) age (59.6 [9.0] years) and patients' actual mean (SD) age (58.4 [6.9] years) revealed no significant difference (t 2662 = −0.47; 95% CI, −6.07 to 3.72; P = .64). On multivariate regression, patients after face-lift surgery were rated as significantly younger (coefficient, −3.69; 95% CI −4.15 to −3.23; P < .001), more attractive (coefficient, 8.21; 95% CI, 7.41-9.02; P < .001), more successful (coefficient, 5.82; 95% CI, 5.05 to 6.59; P < .001), and overall healthier (coefficient, 8.72; 95% CI, 7.88-9.56; P < .001). The ordinal rank changes for an average individual were −21 for perceived age, 21 for attractiveness, 16 for success, and 21 for overall health. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this study, observer perceptions of face-lift surgery were associated with views that patients appeared younger, more attractive, healthier, and more successful. These findings highlight observer perceptions of face-lift surgery that could positively influence social interactions.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.

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“…Chauhan et al . demonstrated that cosmetic surgery can reduce an individual's perceived age by up to 8 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%