Perbedaan Indeks Kebersihan Mulut dan Kualitas Hidup Terkait Kesehatan Rongga Mulut pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan Non Diabetes Melitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with many complications, one of them is oral health problem. Its risk increases in individual with poor oral hygiene. Oral health problem can impair daily life functions such as biting or chewing, speaking, and social interaction. However, research evidences investigating oral hygiene and quality of life related to oral health are still contradictory, therefore, further studies are still required. This study was aimed to evaluate the difference in oral hygine index and quality of life (QoL) related to oral health index between T2DM and non DM patients. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. Samples consisted of 21 T2DM patients and non DM patients at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of RSND hospital. Oral hygiene examination (OHI-S) was performed on all patients. Moreover, all patients had to fill the questionnaire which evaluated their QoL related to their oral health conditions (OHIP-14). Data were analyzed by using unpaired T-test and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the means of OHIS index were 3.17 in T2DM group and 1.43 in non DM group (p<0.001). Meanwhile the means of OHIP-14 index were 7.14 in T2DM group and 2.24 in non DM group (p<0.001). In conclusion, T2DM patients significantly have worse oral hygiene index and QoL related to oral health index than non DM patients.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oral hygiene, quality of life related to oral health Abstrak: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) terkait dengan berbagai komplikasi, salah satunya masalah kesehatan rongga mulut yang risikonya semakin meningkat pada individu dengan kebersihan mulut yang buruk. Masalah kesehatan rongga mulut dapat membatasi fungsi sehari-hari seperti menggigit/mengunyah, berbicara, dan interaksi sosial. Namun, temuan beberapa penelitian mengenai kebersihan mulut dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut pada pasien DMT2 masih menunjukkan hasil yang bertentangan, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan indeks kebersihan mulut dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut pada pasien DMT2 dan non DM. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 21 pasien DMT2 dan 21 pasien non DM di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Penyakit Dalam RSND. Seluruh pasien menjalani pemeriksaan kebersihan mulut (OHI-S) dan juga diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner yang menilai kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut pasien (OHIP-14). Uji statistik menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan nilai rerata OHIS ialah 3,17 pada kelompok DMT2 dan 1,43 pada kelompok non DM (p<0,001). Nilai rerata OHIP-14 ialah 7,14 pada kelompok DMT2 dan 2,24 pada kelompok non DM (p<0,001). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pasien DMT2 memiliki skor indeks kebersihan mulut dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut yang lebih buruk secara bermakna dibandingkan pasien non DM.Kata kunci: diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), kebersihan mulut, kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan rongga mulut

The impact of quality of life and oral hygiene in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

“…In addition, microvascular complications of diabetic in peripheral neuropathy form can cause salivary dysfunction which results in xerostomia, which is a risk factor for plaque formation on the teeth. [19] According to the study of Fansurna et al, diabetes mellitus which is accompanied by several changes in the periodontium has the potential and role in the occurrence of chronic periodontitis resulting in tooth mobility. The cause of loose teeth is not only systemic factors, there are other factors that influence it.…”

“…In this study, the average OHIP-14 value of T2DM patients was still in the good category, although the average OHIP-14 value was worse than non-DM patients. [19] The results of this research are different because the study subjects who were examined had lost a lot of teeth but still had tooth indexes for Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) examinations, and also there were some research subjects who used artificial teeth so that the average value obtained to see tooth mobility with the Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) criteria, a mean of 3.3431 was obtained, a value which included severe gingivitis but had not caused tooth mobility and loss of attachment of periodontal fibers or loss of attachment. If this severe gingivitis is not treated quickly, it will continue to get worse, extending from the gums to the bone under the teeth, causing wider damage to the periodontal tissue.…”

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Penyandang Diabetes Melitus Dalam Penanganan Neuropati

“…Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik peningkatan kadar glukosa darah yang disebabkan oleh sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, dan keduanya (Kardela et al, 2022). Seseorang dengan diabetes melitus perlu mendapatkan informasi tentang pengetahuan dasar diabetes melitus, pemantauan kadar glukosa darah, pencegahan komplikasi, maupun penanganan secara mandiri (Putri, 2021). Pendidikan kesehatan merupakan salah satu yang dapat dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan dalam pencegahan komplikasi kronis seperti neuropati perifer.…”