Perbedaan Derajat Keasaman (pH) Saliva Antara Perokok dan Bukan Perokok pada Siswa SMA PGRI 1 Padang

Qalbi, Muhammad Zakwan; Irrahmah, Miftah; Asterina, Asterina

doi:10.25077/jka.v7.i3.p358-363.2018

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Based on the examination of salivary pH using saliva samples measured using a pH indicator, the highest number is abnormal salivary pH or below the normal value as many as 36 respondents or 58.1%. This is in line with research conducted by Qalbi et al, (2018) which states that smoking is one of the things that causes a decrease in salivary flow rate which also has an impact on a decrease in salivary pH.…”

Section: Physical Health Overviewsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effectiveness of Gum and Mint Candy in Quitting Smoking in Adolescents

Fauziyah,

Yulistiani

2022

PSHMS

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Background: Smoking is a bad habit that can cause various diseases for a long-term period with high frequency. Adolescents are the nation's assets and are expected to have optimal health status. Thus, it is necessary to make efforts to quit smoking, such as the use of gum and mint candy as a substitute for cigarettes to reduce the number of cigarette consumption or even stop smoking behavior in adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in the effectiveness of chewing gum and mint candy on quitting smoking in adolescents. Methods: This was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The sample was 62 students of SMK Ma'arif 1 Kroya who were selected through a simple random sampling method. Then, survey sheets and observation books were used as the instruments. Afterward, the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The result of the Wilcoxon test indicated that the number of cigarette consumption before and after the gum intervention was 0.001. meanwhile, the number of cigarette consumption before and after the intervention of mint candy was 0.003. It meant that both were effective in qutting smoking efforts. In addition, the result of the Mann-Whitney test was 0.070. It meant no difference in the effectiveness of gum and mint candy on qutting smoking in adolescents. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the gum and mint candy in quitting smoking cigarettes in the adolescent.

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Section: Physical Health Overviewsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effectiveness of Gum and Mint Candy in Quitting Smoking in Adolescents

Fauziyah,

Yulistiani

2022

PSHMS

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“…The result of this study is in line with previous research reporting that saliva pH of electronic cigarette smokers is lower than that of non-smokers. 17 Nicotine has been reported to stimulate sympathetic nerves to produce neurotransmitters, including catecholamine. This may affect the alpha receptor in the blood vessels causing vasoconstriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degree of Acidity, Salivary Flow Rate and Caries Index in Electronic Cigarette Users in Sleman Regency, Indonesia

Lestari¹,

Tandelilin²,

Rahman³

2020

JIDA

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Introduction: The Yogyakarta Special Region ranks sixth for highest number of smokers of the 33 provinces in Indonesia. Smokers account for 31.6% of the total population. Sleman Regency ranks fourth in daily consumption of cigarettes of the five regencies or cities in Yogyakarta. The body part most exposed to direct cigarette smoke is the oral cavity. Saliva is a liquid secreted inside the oral cavity to act as a buffer. Nicotine content in conventional cigarettes is known to diminish the salivary flow rate and the acidity (pH) of the saliva. A continual decrease in saliva pH over time may cause dental caries. The use of electronic cigarettes is a nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) method to help people quit smoking; they emit a lower nicotine level than conventional cigarettes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the saliva pH, salivary flow rates, and caries index of electronic cigarette smokers. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method to compare the saliva pH, salivary flow rate, and caries index of 30 smokers of electronic cigarettes and 30 non-smokers as a control group. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software and considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: The Mann-Whitney analysis showed a significant difference in the saliva pH between electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Independent T-Test analysis showed no significant difference in the salivary flow rates of the two groups. The Mann-Whitney analysis also showed no significant difference in the caries index of the groups. Conclusion: Results indicated that there is a significant difference in the saliva pH of electronic cigarette smokers, while the salivary flow rates and caries indices of electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers were similar.

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“…Potential of Hydrogen (pH) saliva pada orang normal berkisar 6,7-7,4 yang berfungsi untuk melancarkan kerja enzim ptialin. 2,3 Saat seseorang terpapar asap rokok maka, antibodi di dalam saliva akan menurun dan mengakibatkan penurunan pertahanan rongga mulut terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri anaerob pada permukaan mukosa. Sekresi bikarbonat pada saliva dapat menurun akibat asap rokok, sehingga pH pada perokok menjadi asam dengan rerata pH 5-6,2.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Saliva disekresikan melalui kelenjar eksokrin yang bekerja untuk melubrikasi dan memroteksi mukosa mulut sehingga dapat mencegah perlekatan mikroorganisme dan radikal bebas. 3 Penelitian oleh Qalbi et al 3 di Padang menyatakan bahwa pH saliva perokok (6,239±0,296) lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan pH saliva non-perokok (6,923± 0,292). Hal tersebut sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Pramesta 23 yang mendapatkan perbedaan relevan antara pH pada perokok dan non-perokok, dengan nilai rerata pH saliva pada perokok 6,7 lebih rendah dibanding dengan rerata nilai pH saliva nonperokok 7,4.…”

Section: Bahasanunclassified

Potency of Young Coconut Water as a Mouthwash to Saliva pH and Flow Rate in Smokers

Nurazizah¹,

Lesmana²,

Kintawati³

2022

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Smoking causes harmful effects on health, especially the oral cavity. However, the oral cavity has saliva as a defence system that can eliminate harmful substances from the body. Normally saliva secreted by the salivary glands has a pH of 6.7-7.4 while in smokers the pH tends to be more acidic. This study aimed to determine the potential of coconut water as a natural mouthwash on the pH and salivary flow in smokers. This was a literature review study by searching scientific journals in Indonesian and English from 2019-2020 through search engines at SINTA, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were young coconut water, gargling, cigarette, salivary flow rate, smoking, and salivary pH. The results obtained 17 suitable articles. Individuals who smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day, more than 6 years could have decreased pH and salivary flow. Therefore, coconut water was needed to reduce its effect, which was believed could increase pH and salivary flow. Coconut water had a pH that was almost the same as normal pH of saliva, which was 7.3. Coconut water contained tannins which gave a bitter taste, therefore, it stimulated salivary secretion and increased pH and salivary flow. In conclusion, young coconut water has a pH which is similar with normal saliva, therefore, it could become a natural potential mouthwash to increase pH and salivary flow in smokers.Keywords: young coconut water; mouthwash; salivary flow rate; smoking; salivary pH Abstrak: Merokok memberikan efek berbahaya bagi kesehatan terutama rongga mulut karena mengandung kurang lebih 5000 bahan kimia yang berbahaya. Rongga mulut memiliki saliva sebagai sistem pertahanan yang dapat mengeliminasi zat berbahaya dari tubuh. Cairan saliva disekresikan oleh kelenjar saliva 0,5-1,5 liter/hari dengan pH 6,7-7,4 sedangkan pH pada perokok cenderung lebih asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi air kelapa sebagai cairan kumur alami terhadap pH dan aliran saliva perokok. Metode penelitian berupa literature review dengan mencari jurnal ilmiah berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris dari tahun 2019-2020 melalui mesin pencarian di SINTA, PubMed, dan google scholar dengan kata kunci: air kelapa muda, berkumur, laju aliran saliva, merokok, pH saliva, rokok. Hasil pencarian mendapatkan 17 artikel yang sesuai. Individu yang merokok lebih dari 10 batang/hari lebih dari enam tahun dapat mengalami penurunan pH dan aliran saliva. Dibutuhkan upaya untuk menguranginya, salah satunya dengan berkumur menggunakan air kelapa, yang diyakini dapat meningkatkan pH dan aliran saliva. Hal ini terjadi karena air kelapa memiliki pH yang sama seperti pH normal yaitu 7,3. Air kelapa mengandung tannin yang memberikan rasa pahit sehingga merangsang sekresi saliva yang dapat meningkatkan pH dan aliran saliva. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah air kelapa mempunyai pH mendekati pH saliva normal sehingga dapat menjadi potensi alami untuk meningkatkan pH dan laju aliran saliva pada perokok.Kata kunci: air kelapa muda; berkumur; laju aliran saliva; merokok; pH saliva

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Perbedaan Derajat Keasaman (pH) Saliva Antara Perokok dan Bukan Perokok pada Siswa SMA PGRI 1 Padang

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The Effectiveness of Gum and Mint Candy in Quitting Smoking in Adolescents

The Effectiveness of Gum and Mint Candy in Quitting Smoking in Adolescents

Degree of Acidity, Salivary Flow Rate and Caries Index in Electronic Cigarette Users in Sleman Regency, Indonesia

Potency of Young Coconut Water as a Mouthwash to Saliva pH and Flow Rate in Smokers

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