Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Anglers May Be Exposed to Harmful Chemicals in Their Catch

Abstract

In this review, we focus on per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), synthetic compounds used for a variety of applications, including firefighting foam and manufacturing. Recently, researchers have linked human exposure to PFAS to negative health effects. Hundreds of communities are affected by PFAS contamination, which has raised awareness about the toxicity of these chemicals. Most work has focused on characterizing dangers to humans, and the effects of PFAS on the environment are under‐studied. PFAS contamination of surface water can result in bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fishes. Studies have linked PFAS to lower fitness in fishes, and anglers who consume wild fish can have higher exposure to PFAS compared to the general population. These chemicals remain largely unregulated and the public has been unaware of the extent of contamination and their risk to human health until recently. We review known PFAS contamination of wild‐caught fish, and their possible health risk through angler exposure in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska. The conclusions and recommendations from the case study can be applied to and are useful for PFAS‐contaminated communities nationwide.

Leveraging Machine Learning for a Comprehensive Assessment of PFAS Nephrotoxicity

“…Over the past few years, various research has revealed the growing dangers associated with PFAS on the body, encompassing concerns such as cancer, thyroid disorders, developmental anomalies in children, and immune system dysfunction [10,11]. It is well known that the carcinogenic potential of PFAS has been associated with various cancers due to the PFAS-induced oxidative stress that plays a role in cellular damage and DNA mutations, contributing to cancer development [12,13]. Furthermore, studies have shown that by interfering with hormonal regulation systems and suppressing immune system function, PFAS can lead to disorders like hypothyroidism, developmental anomalies, such as stunted growth and delayed cognitive development in children, and neurotoxic effects [14,15].…”

Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Mercury in Arctic Alaska Coastal Fish of Subsistence Importance

“…Dietary exposure to PFAS, Hg, and other contaminants through harvest and consumption of wild foods is of concern (Denys et al, 2014; Fraley et al, 2020), and has led to federal and local testing of wildlife and fish tissues near contaminated areas (see Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, 2019; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 2018). The results from testing have led to issuance of consumption advisories, moratoriums on fish harvest, and hunting and fishing closures in some instances (Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 2019; Minnesota Department of Health, 2018).…”