Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in river discharge: Modeling loads upstream and downstream of a PFAS manufacturing plant in the Cape Fear watershed, North Carolina

Verification of In Vivo Estrogenic Activity for Four Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Identified as Estrogen Receptor Agonists via New Approach Methodologies

“…If all the PFAS present were assumed to have an estrogenic potency equivalent to that of FC10-diol, there may be potential concern for estrogenic effects of PFAS, particularly in the Las Vegas wash. In contrast, based on the quantification of up to 43 PFAS in the Cape Fear watershed of North Carolina, USA, only 1 out of 14 sites sampled had average total PFAS concentrations exceeding the 336 ng/L PNEC for estrogenic effects of FC10-diol . While there may be other potential effects of PFAS, application of the example PNEC would suggest that the potential for estrogenic effects of measured PFAS in the Cape Fear watershed is likely a low concern.…”

“…In contrast, based on the quantification of up to 43 PFAS in the Cape Fear watershed of North Carolina, USA, only 1 out of 14 sites sampled had average total PFAS concentrations exceeding the 336 ng/L PNEC for estrogenic effects of FC10diol. 38 While there may be other potential effects of PFAS, application of the example PNEC would suggest that the potential for estrogenic effects of measured PFAS in the Cape Fear watershed is likely a low concern. Sims et al (2022) used the available data to generate probabilistic estimates of PFAS in surface waters worldwide.…”

Directly Fluorinated Containers as a Source of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids

“…The end of the life cycle of many fluorinated containers is disposal at a landfill, where their PFCA concentrations are likely to contribute to PFAS concentrations measured in landfill leachates, which are discharged to wastewater treatment plants. The high concentrations and detection frequencies of short-chain PFCAs measured from these fluorinated containers is of concern based on research that highlights most remediation technologies employed at wastewater treatment plants are not effective at removing short-chain PFAS. − This represents a second, indirect route of exposure as wastewater effluents are ultimately discharged to aquatic environments where PFAS exposures continue. Finally, given that some fraction of HDPE is recycled, fluorinated HDPE entering the recycling stream will lead to additional routes of exposure.…”

A field-validated equilibrium passive sampler for the monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediment pore water and surface water

“…Several studies have reported a seasonal variation in PFAS concentration in surface water, groundwater, and pore water. 39,46,47 To investigate if there is such a variation at Lake Niapenco, another eld experiment was conducted at locations A and B in June 2022 during a drier period and warmer weather (the average temperature during this period was 10-20 °C). Thirty-six samplers were deployed in the sediment, while 8 samplers were deployed in surface water (Table S3 †).…”