Peptidoglycan from
            <i>Bacillus cereus</i>
            Mediates Commensalism with Rhizosphere Bacteria from the
            <i>Cytophaga-Flavobacterium</i>
            Group

Peterson, S. Brook; Dunn, Anne K.; Klimowicz, Amy K.; Handelsman, Jo

doi:10.1128/aem.02928-05

Cited by 81 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…It appears to have an arsenal of enzymes for digestion of plant cell wall polysaccharides, which may explain the prevalence of this organism in soil and rhizosphere habitats (71,87). F. johnsoniae is known to digest pectin, and glycohydrolases, lyases, and esterases likely to be involved in this process were identified (see Tables S1, S2, and S3 and Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Features of the Polysaccharide-Digesting Gliding Bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae as Revealed by Genome Sequence Analysis

McBride

Xie

Martens

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

215

253

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The 6.10-Mb genome sequence of the aerobic chitin-digesting gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae (phylum Bacteroidetes) is presented. F. johnsoniae is a model organism for studies of bacteroidete gliding motility, gene regulation, and biochemistry. The mechanism of F. johnsoniae gliding is novel, and genome analysis confirms that it does not involve well-studied motility organelles, such as flagella or type IV pili. The motility machinery is composed of Gld proteins in the cell envelope that are thought to comprise the "motor" and SprB, which is thought to function as a cell surface adhesin that is propelled by the motor. Analysis of the genome identified genes related to sprB that may encode alternative adhesins used for movement over different surfaces. Comparative genome analysis revealed that some of the gld and spr genes are found in nongliding bacteroidetes and may encode components of a novel protein secretion system. F. johnsoniae digests proteins, and 125 predicted peptidases were identified. F. johnsoniae also digests numerous polysaccharides, and 138 glycoside hydrolases, 9 polysaccharide lyases, and 17 carbohydrate esterases were predicted. The unexpected ability of F. johnsoniae to digest hemicelluloses, such as xylans, mannans, and xyloglucans, was predicted based on the genome analysis and confirmed experimentally. Numerous predicted cell surface proteins related to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron SusC and SusD, which are likely involved in binding of oligosaccharides and transport across the outer membrane, were also identified. Genes required for synthesis of the novel outer membrane flexirubin pigments were identified by a combination of genome analysis and genetic experiments. Genes predicted to encode components of a multienzyme nonribosomal peptide synthetase were identified, as were novel aspects of gene regulation. The availability of techniques for genetic manipulation allows rapid exploration of the features identified for the polysaccharide-digesting gliding bacteroidete F. johnsoniae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Features of the Polysaccharide-Digesting Gliding Bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae as Revealed by Genome Sequence Analysis

McBride

Xie

Martens

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

215

253

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We speculate about two potential and mutually not exclusive mechanisms that take part in the establishment process: (i) each bacterial lineage autonomously responds to host-derived cues and (ii) microbe-microbe interactions enable a selective advantage for cocolonization by core members. For example, the commensal relationship between Bacillus cereus and bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium (CF) group in the soybean rhizosphere is mediated by peptidoglycan, which is produced by B. cereus and stimulates the growth of CF bacteria (27). From future root-microbiota metagenome and -transcriptome analyses, we expect insights into the connectivity among microbes (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative divergence of the bacterial root microbiota in Arabidopsis thaliana relatives

Schlaeppi

Dombrowski

Oter

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

483

400

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Plants host at the contact zone with soil a distinctive root-associated bacterial microbiota believed to function in plant nutrition and health. We investigated the diversity of the root microbiota within a phylogenetic framework of hosts: three Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes along with its sister species Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis lyrata, as well as Cardamine hirsuta, which diverged from the former ∼35 Mya. We surveyed their microbiota under controlled environmental conditions and of A. thaliana and C. hirsuta in two natural habitats. Deep 16S rRNA gene profiling of root and corresponding soil samples identified a total of 237 quantifiable bacterial ribotypes, of which an average of 73 community members were enriched in roots. The composition of this root microbiota depends more on interactions with the environment than with host species. Interhost species microbiota diversity is largely quantitative and is greater between the three Arabidopsis species than the three A. thaliana ecotypes. Host species-specific microbiota were identified at the levels of individual community members, taxonomic groups, and whole root communities. Most of these signatures were observed in the phylogenetically distant C. hirsuta. However, the branching order of host phylogeny is incongruent with interspecies root microbiota diversity, indicating that host phylogenetic distance alone cannot explain root microbiota diversification. Our work reveals within 35 My of host divergence a largely conserved and taxonomically narrow root microbiota, which comprises stable community members belonging to the Actinomycetales, Burkholderiales, and Flavobacteriales.Brassicaceae species | bacterial communities | 16S amplicon ribotyping

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“…Such studies may also have more targeted practical value. For example, F. johnsoniae and closely related bacteria are common in the rhizosphere (54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59) and have been linked to enhanced disease resistance of plants (57,60). Chitinases released by these bacteria may contribute to this resistance because of their activities against fungal or insect pests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavobacterium johnsoniae Chitinase ChiA Is Required for Chitin Utilization and Is Secreted by the Type IX Secretion System

Kharade

McBride

2013

Journal of Bacteriology

110

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Flavobacterium johnsoniae, a member of phylum Bacteriodetes, is a gliding bacterium that digests insoluble chitin and many other polysaccharides. A novel protein secretion system, the type IX secretion system (T9SS), is required for gliding motility and for chitin utilization. Five potential chitinases were identified by genome analysis. Fjoh_4555 (ChiA), a 168.9-kDa protein with two glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) domains, was targeted for analysis. Disruption of chiA by insertional mutagenesis resulted in cells that failed to digest chitin, and complementation with wild-type chiA on a plasmid restored chitin utilization. Antiserum raised against recombinant ChiA was used to detect the protein and to characterize its secretion by F. johnsoniae. ChiA was secreted in soluble form by wild-type cells but remained cell associated in strains carrying mutations in any of the T9SS genes, gldK, gldL, gldM, gldNO, sprA, sprE, and sprT. Western blot and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses suggested that ChiA was proteolytically processed into two GH18 domain-containing proteins. Proteins secreted by T9SSs typically have conserved carboxy-terminal domains (CTDs) belonging to the TIGRFAM families TIGR04131 and TIGR04183. ChiA does not exhibit strong similarity to these sequences and instead has a novel CTD. Deletion of this CTD resulted in accumulation of ChiA inside cells. Fusion of the ChiA CTD to recombinant mCherry resulted in secretion of mCherry into the medium. The results indicate that ChiA is a soluble extracellular chitinase required for chitin utilization and that it relies on a novel CTD for secretion by the F. johnsoniae T9SS.

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Peptidoglycan from Bacillus cereus Mediates Commensalism with Rhizosphere Bacteria from the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium Group

Cited by 81 publications

References 35 publications

Novel Features of the Polysaccharide-Digesting Gliding Bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae as Revealed by Genome Sequence Analysis

Novel Features of the Polysaccharide-Digesting Gliding Bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae as Revealed by Genome Sequence Analysis

Quantitative divergence of the bacterial root microbiota in Arabidopsis thaliana relatives

Flavobacterium johnsoniae Chitinase ChiA Is Required for Chitin Utilization and Is Secreted by the Type IX Secretion System

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