Peptides in Human Nutrition

Grimble, G.; Silk, D. B. A.

doi:10.1079/nrr19890009

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…It has been demonstrated that protein breakdown following enzyme hydrolysis results in a greater increase in plasma amino acids and di-peptides compared to unhydrolyzed proteins in vivo [61,88]. In addition, amino acid uptake decreases with hydrolyzates containing higher peptide chain length [30]. Nevertheless, di-peptide uptake has been shown to be greater than that of amino acids [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan-containing milk protein-derived dipeptides inhibit xanthine oxidase

2012

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan-containing milk protein-derived dipeptides inhibit xanthine oxidase

2012

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“…When AA are present in a more complex form, such as peptides resulting from enzymic hydrolysis, the hierarchy of their absorption rate is different and varies according to the origin and composition of the hydrolysates (Grimble & Silk, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional supply of proteins and absorption of their hydrolysis products: consequences on metabolism

Rérat¹

1993

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Except in nibblers such as the rat the food intake of single-stomached animals, particularly omnivores, is discontinuous and varies in amount and composition. These quantitative and qualitative variations in food intake pose a number of questions. Do they affect the digestive processes which are related to food transit and enzyme hydrolysis, especially the extent of nutrient absorption and its kinetics? What effect do they have on the storage of nutrients in the liver and the temporal distribution in the tissues? Do they lead to a modification of the nutritive value?These questions cannot be answered merely by measuring digestibility. Digestibility is used to evaluate the disappearance of ingested nutrients either in the whole digestive tract (rectal digestibility) or in its proximal part (ileal digestibility), where the nutrients are not metabolized by the flora and are, thus, absorbed in their initial form of diet components. Whichever technique is used, these digestibility measures are global and static and do not account for the different absorption rates which vary for different nutrients. Since body reserves of free amino acids are small, the relative timing of the input of amino acids and of carbohydrates can markedly affect protein synthesis and the efficiency of feed utilization (Geiger, 1950). For example, if a pig is supplied with a limiting amino acid (AA) at a time other than when the rest of the diet, deficient in that one AA, is given the growth rate and feed efficiency will be lower than when the diet and supplement are given simultaneously (RCrat & Bourdon, 1975). Study of kinetics associated with differences in the relative absorption rate of the various nutrients is necessary for a fuller understanding of variations in the nutritive value of feeds. Also, the chemical substances which appear in the body during digestion must be identified so that we may evaluate the changes in feeds which result mainly from microbial metabolism, as they pass through the digestive tract and during their transport by the enterocyte. The importance of these transformations is that they can lie at the origin of changes in their nutritive value.The use of a technique which allows direct measurement of intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism of nutrients has helped to resolve some of these problems. The technique has allowed assessment of the amounts of nutrients appearing in blood, their composition and changes with time, as well as the kinetics of their uptake and release by the liver. Furthermore, it has provided us with an appreciation of the endocrine reactions of the enterohepatic axis involved in the regulation of absorption and metabolism. This paper reports some findings relating to proteins and gives experimental results obtained in our laboratory on the kinetics of intestinal absorption of nitrogenous nutrients and their consequences for hepatic and peripheral metabolism. METHODOLOGYThe method used for studying absorption and liver metabolism (RCrat, 1988; RCrat et al. 1992) is based on the quantitat...

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“…This has raised questions relating to their metabolism and the potential role of circulating peptides in protein metabolism. Over the last few years considerable evidence that peptides can be used as a source of AA for protein synthesis in humans and other single-stomached animals (Adibi, 1987;Lochs et al 1988;Furst et al 1990) has resulted in the selective clinical use of di-and tripeptides in parenteral nutrition as a means of increasing the solubility and stability of certain AA (Grimble & Silk, 1989). In ruminants the suggestion that peptides may be involved in protein metabolism has come from a number of observations.…”

Section: R C O L E T T E B a C K W E L Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide utilization by tissues: current status and applications of stable isotope procedures

Backwell¹

1994

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Peptides in Human Nutrition

Cited by 56 publications

References 120 publications

Tryptophan-containing milk protein-derived dipeptides inhibit xanthine oxidase

Tryptophan-containing milk protein-derived dipeptides inhibit xanthine oxidase

Nutritional supply of proteins and absorption of their hydrolysis products: consequences on metabolism

Peptide utilization by tissues: current status and applications of stable isotope procedures

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