Peptides-based vaccine against SARS-nCoV-2 antigenic fragmented synthetic epitopes recognized by T cell and β-cell initiation of specific antibodies to fight the infection

Abstract

The World Health Organization has declared the rapidly spreading coronavirus to be a global pandemic. The FDA is yet to approve a vaccine for human novel coronavirus. Here, we developed a peptide-based vaccine and used high-throughput screening by molecular dynamics simulation to identify T-cell- and β -cell-recognized epitopes for producing specific antibodies against SARS- n CoV-2. We construct ~ 12 P′ antigenic epitope peptides to develop a more effective vaccine and identify specific antibodies. These epitope peptides selectively presented the best antigen presentation scores for both human pMHC class I and II alleles to develop a strong binding affinity. All antigens identified of SARS- n CoV-2 different proteins by each attached specific ~ 1–7 L linker adaptor were used to construct a broad single peripheral peptide vaccine. It is expected to be highly antigenic with a minimum allergic effect. As a result of these exciting outcomes, expressing a vaccine using the intimated peptide was highly promising and positive to be highly proposed as epitope-based peptide vaccine of specific antibody against SARS- n CoV-2 by initiating T cells and β -cells. An in vitro study for the proposed peptide-based vaccine is mostly recommended. Further clinical trials are required to check the efficacy of this vaccine.

In Silico and In Vivo Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Predicted Epitopes-Based Candidate Vaccine

“…Protein S is a major therapeutic target for producing nAb the most elicited from SARS-CoV-2 infection in-which S contains immunogenic epitopes and RBD on its surface. So, researchers used S protein in vaccination strategies against pandemic COVID-19 disease [5,9]. These immunogenic S epitopes were bounded to CD4 and CD8 inducing T cells to present MHC II and stimulate cellular immunity [9].…”

“…So, researchers used S protein in vaccination strategies against pandemic COVID-19 disease [5,9]. These immunogenic S epitopes were bounded to CD4 and CD8 inducing T cells to present MHC II and stimulate cellular immunity [9].…”

“…A lot of in silico peptide-based prediction studies were implemented to establish a candidate vaccines based on binding with B and T cells with another programs and databases [9,[21][22][23] which lack in vitro or in vivo verification studies.…”

“…Some in silico studies were implemented to predict immunogenic epitopes in S protein targeting T-cells and B-cells binding recognition for production if specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 [9][10][11]. The bioinformatics prediction analysis for MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 revealed a conserved epitope binding to B and T cells between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 due to high genetic similarity between both viruses [12].…”

Lessons Learned from Cutting-Edge Immunoinformatics on Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccine Research

“… Waqas M., et al, 2020 Pakistan 28 epitopes Main protease Multi-epitopic peptide vaccine construct from SARS-CoV-2 Waqas et al ( 2021 ) 20. Abduljaleel Z., et al, 2020 Saudi Arabia, Canada 12 Epitopes Spike protein, membrane glycoprotein, envelop protein and nucleocapsid protein Vaccine construct developed by antigenic epitope peptides fragments Abduljaleel et al ( 2021 ) 21. Khan T., et al, 2021 Bangladesh, USA 26 epitopes Nucleocapsid protein, membrane protein, envelope protein, spike, protein, ORF and non-structural proteins Effective peptide-based multi-epitope vaccine Khan et al ( 2021b ) 22.…”