Peptides and the Central Nervous System

Prange, Arthur J.; Nemeroff, Charles B.; Lipton, Morris A.; Breese, George R.; Wilson, Ian C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3189-6_1

Cited by 43 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 366 publications

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“…Axoplasmic transport in axon collaterals in peptidergic pathways may represent a mechanism for extrahypothalamic distribution of certain hypothalamic peptides . Evidence that these peptides can influence neuronal excitability (Dyer & Dyball, 1974;Kawakami & Sakuma, 1976; and animal behaviour (Prange, Nemeroff, Lipton, Breese & Wilson, 1977) further supports a role for some of these peptides in neuronal function, possibly as modulators of neuronal activity or as neural transmitter agents. However, there are still very important questions to be answered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of medial preoptic‐anterior hypothalamic area stimulation of the excitability of mediobasal hypothalamic neurones in the rat.

Renaud¹

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Extracellular action potentials recorded from 798 neurones in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of pentobarbitone anaesthetized male rats were analysed for a change in excitability following stimulation in the medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas.2. An increase in excitability characteristic of orthodromic excitation was observed from 11-5% (n = 92) of MBH neurones. Latencies for excitation were shorter for cells tested with anterior hypothalamic area stimulation (n = 42; mean 5-4 + 2*6 msec S.D.) than for cells tested with medial preoptic stimulation (n = 50; mean 15-2 + 72 msec S.D.). With spontaneously active neurones, excitation was followed by a decrease in excitability lasting 150-250 msec. An initial decrease in excitability, suggestive of post-synaptic inhibition, over a wide latency range (4-30 msec) and with durations of 100-400 msec was observed from 3-6 % of MBH neurones.3. Features of antidromic invasion were observed from 149 MBH neurones. From the medial preoptic area, the latency range was 0-5-38 msec (mean 7-8 + 5.5); from the anterior hypothalamic area the latency range was 0 4-9 5 msec (mean 3-1 + 2.3). Occasionally an abrupt decrease in latency followed an increase in stimulus intensity. Most cells followed paired stimuli at frequencies up to 500 Hz. Axon conduction velocities were estimated to be under 2-0 mi/sec. Antidromic invasion was usually followed by a decrease in excitability lasting approximately 100-150 msec.4. Twenty MBH neurones displayed antidromic invasion from both the medial preoptic or anterior hypothalamic areas and one other stimulation site: the median eminence (five cells); the amygdala (six cells); the region of thalamic nucleus medialis dorsalis (three cells) and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (six cells). Interaction studies indicated that the axons of these cells branched close to the origin of the axon itself.5. Antidromic invasion from the surface of the median eminence identified thirty-nine tuberoinfundibular neurones. Stimulation in the medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic area produced orthodromic excitatory (n = 5) and inhibitory (n = 4) actions on HVM neurones, but was without an action on most other neurones (n = 30). Tuberoinfundibular neurones in the ventromedial nucleus also responded to stimulation in the amygdala, but usually at latencies greater than that for medial preoptic area evoked responses.6. These observations indicate a close relationship between MBH neurones and cells located in both the amygdala and the medial preopticanterior hypothalamic area. The data for tuberoinfundibular neurones indicates that several extrahypothalamic areas may send fibres to these cells. These pathways may be important for the adaptive neuroendocrine responses reported in the literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of medial preoptic‐anterior hypothalamic area stimulation of the excitability of mediobasal hypothalamic neurones in the rat.

Renaud¹

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The more extensively defined second messenger transduction system for OTR in the uterus will also be discussed in relation to the OTR-responsive systems in the brain. Prange, Nemeroff, Lipton, Breese and Wilson (1978) first presented the concept that behavioral effects of peptides are harmonious with their peripheral actions. This review will extend the "harmony hypothesis" to postulate that the effects of OTR stimulation in brain are biochemically similar to the effects of OTR stimulation in uterus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogies Between Oxytocin Systems of the Uterus and Brain

et al. 1996

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In this brief review we have compared OT systems in the brain with those of the uterus and ovary particularly with respect to interactions with steroids. We have presented evidence of heterogeneous OTR and 125I-P-3-BSA binding sites in the MPOA as well as evidence of extensive interactions of steroids and OT in the MPOA, that cannot be adequately explained by genomic effects of steroids. We also discuss a putative analogue between steroid control of OTR stimulation of intracellular calcium levels, phospholipase C activity and prostaglandins in the uterus and steroid effects on OT systems in brain. We have developed a model for steroid control of both OT release and OTR in which we suggest that steroids and OT bind to membrane receptors coupled to G proteins. This model may prove useful in understanding the interactive central actions of steroids and OT systems in regulating the endocrinology and behaviors associated with reproduction.

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“…In recent years, the concept has been proposed that at least some peptide hormones native to the central nervous system exert behavioral effects quite apart from the endocrine effects traditionally attributed to them (31). We have suggested, and critically reviewed, a concept of harmony between the endocrine and behavioral action of neuropeptides (32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Induction of maternal behavior in virgin rats after intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin

Pedersen

Prange

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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697

357

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Oxytocin produces uterine contractions and milk ejection, functions related to parturition and nurturing. Studies were conducted to determine if this peptide, native to the brain and the posterior pituitary gland, plays a role in the induction of maternal behavior. Intact virgin female rats were given 0.4 ,g of oxytocin, 0.4 1&g of [Arg8Jvasopressin, or saline through lateral ventricular cannulae. Forty-two percent of intact rats receiving oxytocin displayed full maternal behavior towards foster pu s. None of the saline-or vasopressin-treated animals displayed full maternal behavior. Criteria in five behavioral categories had to be fulfilled by an animal within 2 hr of injection for its behavior to be considered fully maternal. When partial maternal responses were considered, oxytocin was significantly more effective than saline and marginally more effective than vasopressin. Five animals responding fully maternally after oxytocin injection were allowed to stay with pups for 10 days. All Rosenblatt (1) demonstrated that male and female rats, including intact virgin females, manifest maternal behavior after contact with foster pups for 5-7 days. Since then, several attempts have been made to shorten the latency for this phenomenon by manipulations of estrogen, progesterone, or prolactin. When these hormones were administered on selected schedules to ovariectomized, nulliparous females over either an 1 -day (2) or 27-day (3) period, latency was reduced to as little as 35 hr.Pharmacologic blockade of prolactin release has no effect on the onset of postpartum maternal behavior (3-5) or estrogen-induced maternal behavior (6). Similarly, induced elevation of prolactin in ovariectomized virgin females does not alter the onset of pup contact-induced maternal behavior (7). Progesterone has been found by most investigators to inhibit the onset of maternal behavior under various experimental conditions (8, 9), though dosage and timing of progesterone administration seem to be important (10).Of the hormones studied singly, estrogen appears most potent in inducing maternal behavior. Hysterectomy in late pregnancy, which probably causes a rapid rise in plasma estrogen (11) as judged by examination of vaginal smears, results in a high incidence of maternal behavior 48-72 hr after pup contactThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 6661 initiated 48 hr after surgery (12-14). Ovariectomy simultaneous with hysterectomy prevents this effect. The estrogen dependence of the induction of maternal behavior is further shown by estradiol administration at the time of hysterectomy and ovariectomy in either late gestational or virginal female rats. Animals thus treated show a high rate of maternal response within 24 hr after first presentation of pups 48 hr after surgery (12,15,16).Klopfer is the only investigator who has not focused exclusively on late gestati...

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Peptides and the Central Nervous System

Cited by 43 publications

References 366 publications

Influence of medial preoptic‐anterior hypothalamic area stimulation of the excitability of mediobasal hypothalamic neurones in the rat.

Influence of medial preoptic‐anterior hypothalamic area stimulation of the excitability of mediobasal hypothalamic neurones in the rat.

Analogies Between Oxytocin Systems of the Uterus and Brain

Induction of maternal behavior in virgin rats after intracerebroventricular administration of oxytocin

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