Peptides and proteins regulating food intake: a comparative view

Gorissen, Marnix; Flik, G.; Huising, Mark O.

doi:10.1163/157075606778967829

Cited by 51 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Nutrition is hypothesized to be regulated by cholecystokinin, leptin and insulin, decreasing food intake and ghrelin, and increasing food intake (Bronson 1998). Cholecystokinin and ghrelin regulate food intake in the short term, whereas leptin and insulin regulate food intake over longer periods (Gorissen et al 2006). The interaction of these pathways may be masking the results of present and other different studies and make the development of further studies necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Glucogenic supply increases ovulation rate by modifying follicle recruitment and subsequent development of preovulatory follicles without effects on ghrelin secretion

Letelier¹,

Mallo²,

Encinas³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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This study determined the effects of short-term energy inputs on ghrelin secretion and possible links with changes in the follicle population or the ovulation rate. Oestrous cycle was synchronized in 16 Manchega sheep using progestagen sponges and cloprostenol. Half of the animals were treated from days 0 to 4 by the oral administration, twice daily, of 200 ml of a glucogenic mixture containing 70% of glycerol, 20% of 1,2-propanediol and 10% of water; the control group received 200 ml water. The mean (GS.E.M.) plasma glucose increased immediately after the first administration (3.9G0.3 vs 3.0G0.1 mmol/l in control group, P!0.05), remaining statistically different during the treatment. However, plasma ghrelin levels were similar in both groups. On the other hand, the results indicated that short-term energy inputs modify ovulation rate (1.9G0.1 vs 1.3G0.2 in control group, P!0.05) by increasing the number of follicles able to be selected to ovulate during the period of treatment (R4 mm in size; 5.9G0.6 vs 4.3G0.4 at day 2, P!0.05). After sponge withdrawal, the number of these follicles decreased throughout follicular phase (5.8G0.8 to 1.5G0.4, P!0.0005) while the number of large follicles increased (R6 mm in size; 0.8G0.4 to 2.0G0.3, P!0.05); this would indicate an active growth of preovulatory follicles that were not found in the control group. Thus, the increases of ovulation rate by high-energy inputs would be caused by an enhancement in the developmental competence of preovulatory follicles. Reproduction (2008) 136 65-72

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Glucogenic supply increases ovulation rate by modifying follicle recruitment and subsequent development of preovulatory follicles without effects on ghrelin secretion

Letelier¹,

Mallo²,

Encinas³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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“…qRT-PCR was also performed to quantify the expression of four neuropeptide genes that were not represented on the microarray but are known to respond to starvation and regulate feeding behavior (16,69,70): agouti-related protein 1 (agrp1: forward 5Ј-CCTGAAATGGAGCACCTTGA-3Ј, reverse 5Ј-GGAGCGTGTGCCTCTTCTC-3Ј, from sequence reported in Ref. 61), cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein type I (cart1: forward 5Ј-GCAGAGCAAACGGATCTCAC-3Ј, reverse 5Ј-TCCTC-GATCCTTTCCTGATG-3Ј, from XM_680337), ghrelin preprohormone (forward 5Ј-AGCATGTTTCTGCTCCTGTGT-3Ј, reverse 5Ј-CTCT-TCTGCCCACTCTTGGT-3Ј, from NM_001083872), and orexin preprohormone (forward 5Ј-TCTACGAGATGCTGTGCCGAG-3Ј, reverse 5Ј-CGTTTGCCAAGAGTGAGAATC-3Ј, from Ref.…”

Section: Quantitative Real-time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of a transcriptional response in the zebrafish brain is surprising considering that starvation is known to decrease metabolism in whole brain in other fish species (59) and several neuropeptide and metabolic genes are transcriptionally regulated in the brain during starvation (16,60,69,70). The apparent absence of a transcriptomic response has several potential explanations.…”

Section: Effect Of Starvation On Brain Transcriptomementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of starvation on transcriptomes of brain and liver in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Drew

Rodnick

Settles

et al. 2008

Physiological Genomics

114

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Only agouti-related protein 1 (agrp1) significantly responded, with increased expression in brains of starved fish. In contrast, a 21-day period of starvation significantly downregulated 466 and upregulated 108 transcripts in the liver, indicating an overall decrease in metabolic activity, reduced lipid metabolism, protein biosynthesis, proteolysis, and cellular respiration, and increased gluconeogenesis. Starvation also regulated expression of many components of the unfolded protein response, the first such report in a species other than yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mice (Mus musculus). The response of the zebrafish hepatic transcriptome to starvation was strikingly similar to that of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and less similar to mouse, while the response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) differed considerably from the other three species. microarray analysis; metabolic signaling; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; neuropeptide THE ADAPTIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL response to starvation conserves the health and function of key organs and redistributes resources toward essential biological functions. In mammals and birds, this reallocation of resources is part of a predictable and sequential transition of metabolic changes (reviewed in Ref. 72). These metabolic changes appear to be similar in fish and other ectotherms, although the transitions occur over a much longer time frame, largely the result of lower metabolic rates (72). Variation in metabolic rate in fish is in turn influenced by body size and body temperature (10, 29). As the most diverse group of vertebrates, fish species vary considerably in body size, thermal habitat, and metabolic rate, and many species differ in susceptibility or have unique adaptations to prolonged periods of fasting in their natural environment (37, 72). The considerable variation among fish species in the response to starvation provides a useful context for identifying mechanisms that are conserved among vertebrate species. Understanding these conserved mechanisms requires multiple investigations of a diverse array of species that identify the metabolic pathways that respond to starvation and genetic mechanisms that regulate them.Here we used microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to examine the transcriptomic response to starvation in both brain and liver tissues of adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio). The zebrafish is an important model organism for the study of development and is now emerging as a model organism in other fields, including behavioral, physiological, and nutritional genomics (42,49,76). Despite its importance as a developmental and genomic model organism, our understanding of the nutritional physiology of the zebrafish remains very limited. Our goal was to identify the metabolic pathways impacted by starvation in zebrafish, contrasting two organs that 1) serve biosynthetic and energy-mobilizing functions (liver) and 2) consume energy and direct behavioral responses (brain). In addition, we offer an interpretation of these d...

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“…In return, these hypothalamic neurons produce multiple appetite-stimulating (orexigenic) and -inhibiting (anorexigenic) neuropeptides that participate in the regulation of energy balance and food-seeking behavior (Gorissen et al, 2006;Matsuda, 2009). Among the central factors that promote a decrease in food intake are two related peptides that also play a key role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and the coordination of the stress response in fish, namely, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urotensin I (UI) (Bernier, 2006;Bernier et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of chronic hypoxia and feed restriction on the expression of leptin and its receptor, food intake regulation and the endocrine stress response in common carp

Bernier

Gorissen

Flik

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAppetite suppression is a common response to hypoxia in fish that confers significant energy savings. Yet little is known about the endocrine signals involved in the regulation of food intake during chronic hypoxia. Thus, we assessed the impact of chronic hypoxia on food intake, the expression of the potent anorexigenic signal leptin and its receptor (lepr), the mRNA levels of key hypothalamic appetite-regulating genes, and the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish exposed to 10% O 2 saturation for 8days were chronically anorexic and consumed on average 79% less food than normoxic controls. Hypoxia also elicited gradual and parallel increases in the expression of liver leptin-a-I, leptin-a-II, lepr and erythropoietin, a known hypoxia-responsive gene. In contrast, the liver mRNA levels of all four genes remained unchanged in normoxic fish pair-fed to the hypoxia treatment. In the hypothalamus, expression of the appetite-regulating genes were consistent with an inhibition and stimulation of hunger in the hypoxic and pair-fed fish, respectively, and reduced feed intake led to a decrease in lepr. Although both treatments elicited similar delayed increases in plasma cortisol, they were characterized by distinct HPI axis effector transcript levels and a marked differential increase in pituitary lepr expression. Together, these results show that a reduction in O 2 availability, and not feed intake, stimulates liver leptin-a expression in common carp and suggest that this pleiotropic cytokine is involved in the regulation of appetite and the endocrine stress response during chronic hypoxia.

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Peptides and proteins regulating food intake: a comparative view

Cited by 51 publications

References 170 publications

Glucogenic supply increases ovulation rate by modifying follicle recruitment and subsequent development of preovulatory follicles without effects on ghrelin secretion

Glucogenic supply increases ovulation rate by modifying follicle recruitment and subsequent development of preovulatory follicles without effects on ghrelin secretion

Effect of starvation on transcriptomes of brain and liver in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Differential effects of chronic hypoxia and feed restriction on the expression of leptin and its receptor, food intake regulation and the endocrine stress response in common carp

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