Peptidergic nerves persist after jejunal autotransplantation: An experimental study in the piglet

Malmfors, Gerhard; Håkanson, R.; Okmian, Ludvig; Sundler, F.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(80)80403-9

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The time interval between denervation and reappearance of adrenergic transmitters in the mesentery of small bowel transplants after 3-4 weeks turned out to be l week longer when compared to denervation experiments [6], This difference can be explained by the more proximal level of dissection in our model and by the fact that noradrenergic fibres are known to regenerate slowly [ 18], Our findings are in contrast to the results of a piglet autotransplantation model in whom no adrenergic activity was found after 4 months in the graft mesentery [ 19]. This difference might be due to the different animal model used.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Regeneration of Sympathetic Activities in Small Bowel Transplants

et al. 1993

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In order to study the activity of noradrenergic nerve fibres along mesenteric arteries in small-intestinal grafts, the entire jejunoileum was transplanted heterotopically in an isogeneic rat model (group I, n = 12). To assess their influence on graft motility, 9 cm of jejunum were transplanted in an orthotopic position and three bipolar electrodes sutured to the seromuscular layer of the graft (group II, n = 10). Fasting motility was recorded up to postoperative day 42. Animals of group I were sacrificed from day 7 on at weekly intervals and mesenteries were analysed histochemically by fluorescence microscopy. After the 1 st and 2nd week, grafts were found to be completely depleted of noradrenaline. At the end of the 3rd week, fluorescence became detectable along graft mesenteric arteries and showed normal intensity from the end of week 4. Migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) were present in all animals of group II. The variability of the MMC period (mean 12.6 min; SD 6.2 min) expressed as variation coefficient (median 36.5; 14.6–74) did not change during the observation period. From these findings it is concluded that there are no extrinsic noradrenergic activities in rat small-intestinal transplants for the first 3 postoperative weeks but they do recover there after. Their influence on graft function remains unclear: MMC periodicity, however, was no influenced.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Regeneration of Sympathetic Activities in Small Bowel Transplants

et al. 1993

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“…This finding is consistent with several morphologic studies in rats, piglets, dogs, and human tissue that showed preservation of immunoreactivity for NO and VIP after SBT. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In contrast, in the longitudinal muscle of rat jejunum 1 year after SBT, endogenous release of VIP during EFS was increased, 17 again highlighting the functional differences between the different muscle layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Maintenance of endogenous release of substance P after SBT is in accordance with immunohistologic studies after SBT. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Although substance P appears to play an important role as a dominant excitatory NANC neurotransmitter in rat circular muscle in the jejunum, other procontractile NANC transmitters, such as neurokinine A, enkephaline, galanin, 39 and others are released potentially as well with EFS at 20 Hz and might explain the persistent net excitatory response during EFS after blocking substance P. Indeed, the differences in the early (first 4 s) and later (last 6 s) EFS response and the EFS response over the entire 10 s of the stimulation are consistent with findings in rat longitudinal muscle and implies involvement of other important NANC inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters especially during the early EFS response [e.g., adenosine triphosphate (ATP), carbon monoxide, gamma aminobutyearic acid, hydrogen sulfide, neuropeptide Y, or pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide]. 39 Our experiments, however, do not allow us to further differentiate their participation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of Extrinsic Denervation on VIP and Substance P Innervation in Circular Muscle of Rat Jejunum

Kasparek

Fatima

Iqbal

et al. 2007

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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Intestinal denervation contributes to enteric motor dysfunction after small bowel transplantation (SBT). Our aim was to determine long-term effects of extrinsic denervation on function of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic innervation with substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Contractile activity of jejunal circular muscle strips from six age-matched, naive control rats (NC) and eight rats 1 year after syngeneic SBT was studied in tissue chambers. Spontaneous contractile activity did not differ between groups. Exogenous VIP inhibited contractile activity dose-dependently to a comparable degree in both groups. The VIP antagonist ([D-p-Cl-Phe(6),Leu(17)]-VIP) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitro-arginine did not affect VIP-induced inhibition but increased contractile activity during electrical field stimulation (EFS) in both groups. Exogenous substance P increased contractile activity dose-dependently, greater in NC than SBT. The substance P antagonist ([D-Pro(2),D-Trp(7,9)]-substance P) inhibited effects of exogenous substance P and decreased the excitatory EFS response. Immunohistofluorescence showed tyrosine hydroxylase staining after SBT indicating sympathetic reinnervation. In jejunal circular muscle after chronic denervation, response to exogenous substance P, but not VIP, is decreased, whereas endogenous release of both neurotransmitters is preserved. Alterations in balance of excitatory and inhibitory pathways occur despite extrinsic reinnervation and might contribute to enteric motor dysfunction after SBT.

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“…There is ample evidence in other species to support the intrinsic nature of VIP and other peptidergic nerves (including SP) in mammalian gut. Effective extrinsic denervation, as occurs when intestinal tissue from mice (Schultzberg, Dreyfus, Gershon, Hokfelt, Elde, Nilsson, Said & Goldstein, 1978) and guinea-pig (Jessen, Polak, Van Noorden, Bloom & Burnstock, 1980a;Jessen, Saffrey, Van Noorden, Bloom, Polak & Burnstock, 1980b) is grown in organotypic tissue cultures, or when the jejunum is autotransplanted in the pig (Malmfors, Hakanson, Okmian & Sundler, 1980) and bilateral vagotomy is performed in the rat (Larsson et al 1976), did not eliminate VIP-reactive nerves when the extrinsic nerves had disappeared.…”

Section: Immunofluorescence Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nerve cell bodies have been observed in other species including man, dog, pig, baboon (Pearse & Polak, 1975) and guinea-pig (Costa, Cuello, Furness & Franco, 1980;Costa et al 1981) and, after extrinsic denervation, fibres displaying SP-l.i. are still present in the intestines of mouse (Schultzberg et al 1978), guinea-pig (Jessen et al 1980a, b) and pig (Malmfors et al 1980). Franco, Costa & Furness (1979b) bioassayed muscle extracts from the guinea-pig ileum for SP activity and found that extrinsically denervated segments had the same concentrations of SP as normal segments.…”

Section: Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide‐like, Substance P‐like and Bombesin‐like Immunoreactivity in the Digestive System of the Sheep

Wathuta

1986

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYPeptides which are possibly related to the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic division of the autonomic nervous system have been identified by immunofluorescence in the digestive system of mature sheep. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, and bombesin-like immunoreactivity were localized in neural elements throughout the ovine gastrointestinal tract (g.i.t.). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-l.i.) was demonstrable in the submaxillary, parotid and the sublingual salivary glands close to small blood vessels and the acini. VIP-li. was also demonstrable in the upper oesophagus in connective tissue near small blood vessels. In the forestomachs, abomasum, and small and large intestines reactive fibres were present in the mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle layers and the plexuses. The plexuses also contained reactive nerve cell bodies. VIP-reactive fibres were found in the pancreas, the gall bladder and the common bile and pancreatic duct but were not found in the intestinal mesentery, portal vein, and liver tissue. Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-l.i.) was demonstrable in nerve fibres in all the layers of the g.i.t. and in nerve cell bodies in the gut plexuses. The pancreas and the gall bladder also contained a few scattered fibres. Additionally, SP-l.i. was present in open-type endocrine cells throughout the mucosa of the small and large intestines but no SP-l.i. was found in the salivary glands or the oesophagus. Bombesin-like immunoreactivity (B-li.) was associated with nerve fibres and was demonstrable in the mucosa and myenteric plexuses throughout the g.i.t. B-l.i. in the smooth muscle appeared to be restricted to nerve fibres in the forestomachs, the abomasum, and the upper small intestine. No B-li. was found in the salivary glands, oesophagus, liver tissue, pancreas, gall bladder or intestinal mesentery.

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Peptidergic nerves persist after jejunal autotransplantation: An experimental study in the piglet

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Regeneration of Sympathetic Activities in Small Bowel Transplants

Regeneration of Sympathetic Activities in Small Bowel Transplants

Long-Term Effects of Extrinsic Denervation on VIP and Substance P Innervation in Circular Muscle of Rat Jejunum

The Distribution of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide‐like, Substance P‐like and Bombesin‐like Immunoreactivity in the Digestive System of the Sheep

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