Peptide YY3–36 and Glucagon-Like Peptide-17–36 Inhibit Food Intake Additively

Neary, Nicola M.; Small, Caroline J.; Druce, Maralyn; Park, Adrian J.; Ellis, Sandra; Semjonous, Nina; Dakin, C. L.; Filipsson, Karin; Wang, Fang; Kent, A. S. H.; Frost, Gary; Ghatei, Mohammad A.; Bloom, Stephen R.

doi:10.1210/en.2005-0237

Cited by 316 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…At these low doses, although there was a trend for PP to inhibit buffet meal energy intake (P ¼ 0.09), neither PP nor PYY 3À36 significantly inhibited energy intake consistent with previously published studies. 12,14,15 There was no evidence of an additive inhibitory feeding effect with the combined PP þ PYY 3À36 treatment (buffet meal energy intake (KJ): saline 2633±204, PP þ PYY 2693 ± 254, PP 2367 ± 199, PYY 2511 ± 196) (Figure 2). In fact, the energy intake on the PP þ PYY infusion day was significantly more than on the PP infusion day alone (P ¼ 0.04).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…14 The PYY 3À36 dose was selected at a dose that inhibited feeding additively with GLP-1 7À36 in humans. 12 Previous studies in rodents and humans suggest that PP is approximately equipotent with PYY in mice whereas PP is less potent than PYY in humans. 1,12,14 This might be explained by inter-species variation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories UK (Margate, Kent, UK) and were maintained in individual cages and handled as previously described. 12 Mice aged 8-9 weeks and weighing 20-25 g were fasted from 1500 hours until the following morning when they received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection (volume 0.1 ml) at 0900 hours. In the low-dose study, mice received saline, 3 nmol kg À1 PP, 6 nmol kg À1 PP, 3 nmol kg À1 PYY, 6 nmol kg À1 PYY or 3 nmol kg À1 PP þ 3 nmol kg À1 PYY (n ¼ 7-8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These doses were chosen from previously published studies. 1,12 Following injection all mice were presented with a pre-weighed quantity of chow. The remaining food was measured at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h following injection and food intake calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 More recently, the gut hormones, PYY 3À36 and GLP-1 7À36 , were reported to inhibit feeding additively in rodents and humans at low doses at which neither peptide significantly altered feeding when administered individually. 12 Low-dose combined peptide administration could have the therapeutic advantage of greater inhibition of feeding with a more favourable side-effect profile. In the current investigation we hypothesized that PP and PYY 3À36 would also inhibit feeding additively in rodents and humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No evidence of an additive inhibitory feeding effect following PP and PYY3−36 administration

et al. 2008

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Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY (PYY) are released by the gut in response to nutrients and inhibit food intake in rodents and humans. We hypothesized that PP and PYY 3À36 would inhibit feeding additively. Fasted male C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline, PP, PYY 3À36 or PP þ PYY 3À36 (n ¼ 7-10). Food intake at 1 h was significantly inhibited by 6 nmol kg À1 PP and by 6 nmol kg À1 PYY 3-36 (Po0.05) but not significantly following 3 nmol kg À1 PP þ 3 nmol kg À1 PYY 3À36 . In a higher dose study 30 nmol kg À1 PP, 30 nmol kg À1 PYY 3À36 and 30 nmol kg À1 PP þ 30 nmol kg À1 PYY 3À36 all inhibited 1 h food intake compared with saline (Po0.05) but there was no significant difference in the food intake of the combined group compared with either hormone individually. Subsequently, 16 fasted lean healthy human volunteers (6 men and 10 women) received, in random order, 90 min intravenous infusions of saline, 4 pmol kg À1 min À1 PP, 0.4 pmol kg À1 min À1 PYY 3À36 and 4 pmol kg À1 min À1 PP þ 0.4 pmol kg À1 min À1 PYY 3À36 . A pasta lunch was served 60 min following infusion. There was no evidence of a greater decrease in food intake with the combined PP þ PYY 3À36 treatment (buffet meal energy intake (KJ): saline 2633 ± 204, PP þ PYY 2693 ± 254, PP 2367 ± 199, PYY 2511 ± 196). These results suggest that PP and PYY 3À36 do not inhibit feeding additively in rodents or humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No evidence of an additive inhibitory feeding effect following PP and PYY3−36 administration

et al. 2008

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Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Activators

Wagner¹,

Evers²,

Bossart³

et al. 2021

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity have reached pandemic levels and represent a major health burden to modern society. Peptidic GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have been established as an effective therapy with respect to glycemic control and provide moderate body weight reduction. Marketed first‐generation GLP‐1RAs are suitable for once‐ or twice‐daily subcutaneous dosing. Their substantial benefit on glucose control led to the discovery and development of longer lasting therapeutic options to improve patient convenience and compliance. Recently reported positive cardiovascular outcome studies for some GLP‐1RAs further underscore their therapeutic value. Besides long‐lasting action, alternative delivery formats for injectable GLP‐1RAs have been explored, for example oral formulations. One such oral formulation of a GLP‐1 analog has completed Phase 3 studies and is now approved for the treatment of T2D. In contrast, the discovery of orally available small molecule agonists of the GLP‐1R has been historically challenging, and only recently a few compounds have reached early clinical development. To further improve the efficacy of GLP‐1RAs, so‐called GLP‐1R dual or triple agonists have been developed. These peptides show promising results in early clinical trials but are awaiting confirmation of their therapeutic benefit in late‐stage development.

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The Acute Effects of Resistant Starch on Appetite and Satiety

Bodinham

Robertson

2013

Resistant Starch

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects (24 h) of supplementation with a non-viscous dietary fibre (resistant starch type 2; RS2) on appetite and satiety compared with placebo (rapidly-digestible starch) supplementation.On two separate occasions, at least 1 week apart, twenty healthy young adult males (age range 19-31 years, BMI range 19-27 kg/m 2 ) consumed either 48 g RS2 or the placebo over two meals in a randomised single-blind balanced cross-over study. The supplements were consumed as part of standardised breakfast and lunch. Appetite was assessed every 30 min by subjective ratings using visual analogue scales and blood samples were taken to measure changes in gut peptide levels and metabolites. Following the 7 h postprandial period subjects were provided with a large pre-weighed ad libitum test meal to quantify intake. Food and drink consumption were then recorded for the remainder of the day to obtain overall 24 h dietary intake. Subjects were also requested to complete bowel diaries on the day of the study and the following day to monitor gastrointestinal effects.Following RS2 supplementation there was a lower intake at the ad libitum test meal compared with the placebo supplementation (5250 kJ (1255 kcal) v. 5568 kJ (1331 kcal); P = 0.06). There was also a significantly lower overall 24 h energy intake with the RS2 supplement compared with the placebo (12 598 kJ (3011 kcal) v. 13 895 kJ (3321 kcal); P = 0.05), which was mostly explained by a reduced fat intake (97 g v. 110 g; P = 0.02). However, these reductions in intake were not accompanied by differences between the supplements for any of the subjective appetite ratings. The supplements were well tolerated by all subjects. There was a significantly lower insulin response following the RS2 supplementation compared with the placebo (P = 0.029), although plasma glucose levels were not significantly different. However, in the 2 h immediately following breakfast there was a significantly lower glucose area under the curve with the RS2 supplementation compared with the placebo (P = 0.025), although this effect was not seen immediately following lunch.

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Peptide YY3–36 and Glucagon-Like Peptide-17–36 Inhibit Food Intake Additively

Cited by 316 publications

References 29 publications

No evidence of an additive inhibitory feeding effect following PP and PYY3−36 administration

No evidence of an additive inhibitory feeding effect following PP and PYY3−36 administration

Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Activators

The Acute Effects of Resistant Starch on Appetite and Satiety

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