Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers

Al’Absi, Mustafa; Lemieux, Andrine; Nakajima, Motohiro

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.018

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…This highlights the value of concurrent measurement of both psychobiological and subjective experience. We have also shown in previous publications that elevated ghrelin during the early abstinence period, but not PYY, predicted an increased risk of relapse (al’Absi et al 2014a). As with leptin in the current study, men produce lower ghrelin than women (al’Absi et al 2014a) but gender was not a significant predictor of time to relapse in either study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…We have also shown in previous publications that elevated ghrelin during the early abstinence period, but not PYY, predicted an increased risk of relapse (al’Absi et al 2014a). As with leptin in the current study, men produce lower ghrelin than women (al’Absi et al 2014a) but gender was not a significant predictor of time to relapse in either study. Thus, there is consistent evidence that gender differences, though significant in cross-sectional analysis, for both leptin and ghrelin are not important in the prediction of relapse risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse

et al. 2015

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Rationale Leptin has been linked to tobacco craving and withdrawal related symptoms. Very few studies have examined leptin prospectively in both male and female nonsmokers and smokers. Objectives We examine leptin concentrations prospectively in both male and female nonsmokers and smokers to assess the associations of leptin with psychological symptoms and smoking relapse during ad libitum smoking, the first 48 hours post quit, and four weeks post-cessation. Methods Self-report psychological, anthropomorphic and biological measures (cotinine, carbon monoxide and plasma leptin) were collected before and after 48 hours of smoking abstinence. Smokers were stratified at 28 days post quit as abstinent or relapsed if they had smoked daily for 7 consecutive days at any point in the 28 days. Results Leptin concentration (square root transformed ng/ml) increased over the 48-hour abstinence, but only in female abstainers. In contrast, leptin was very stable across time for nonsmokers, relapsers and males. Cox regression supported that increased leptin was associated with decreased risk of relapse. Leptin was correlated negatively with withdrawal symptoms for abstainers only. Females produce more leptin than males and this level increases from ad libitum smoking to 48-hours post quit. Conclusions The current analysis indicates that a leptin increase early in cessation predicts abstinence. The increase in women, but not men, in response to abstinence provides further evidence of important gender differences. The negative correlation between leptin and withdrawal symptoms indicate a possible protective effect of leptin. Further research is ongoing to elucidate the psychological and biological determinants of this effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse

et al. 2015

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“…Our results appear consistent with previous work conducted on PYY in individuals with other substance use disorders. For example, cannabis use resulted in decreased blood PYY concentrations in HIV-positive men (Riggs et al, 2012), and a negative association between blood PYY concentrations and subjective ratings of cigarette craving was also previously reported (al’Absi et al, 2014). Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that, in addition to promoting satiety, there may be a relationship between PYY signaling and intake of drugs of abuse like nicotine, cannabis and cocaine.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Acute effects of intravenous cocaine administration on serum concentrations of ghrelin, amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, leptin and peptide YY and relationships with cardiorespiratory and subjective responses

Bouhlal

Ellefsen

Sheskier

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Food intake and use of drugs of abuse like cocaine share common central and peripheral physiological pathways. Appetitive hormones play a major role in regulating food intake; however, little is known about the effects of acute cocaine administration on the blood concentrations of these hormones in cocaine users. Methods We evaluated serum concentrations of six appetitive hormones: ghrelin (total and acyl-ghrelin), amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, leptin and peptide YY (PYY), as well as acute cardiorespiratory and subjective responses of 8 experienced cocaine users who received 25 mg intravenous (IV) cocaine. Results Serum concentrations of GLP-1 (p = 0.014) and PYY (p = 0.036) were significantly decreased one hour following IV cocaine administration; there was a trend towards a decrease for insulin (p = 0.055) and amylin (p = 0.063) concentrations, while no significant IV cocaine effect was observed for ghrelin (total or acyl-ghrelin) or leptin concentrations (p’s > 0.5). We also observed associations between hormone concentrations acutely affected by IV cocaine (GLP-1, PYY, insulin, amylin) and some cocaine-related cardiorespiratory and subjective responses (e.g., increased heart and respiratory rates; feeling high and anxious). Discussion These findings show a significant effect of acute IV cocaine administration on some appetitive hormones and suggest potential associations between these hormones and cocaine-related cardiorespiratory and subjective responses. Additional research is needed to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlining these associations.

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“…Both cardiovascular and adrenocortical disruptions have been documented using human cross-sectional analysis, animal stress manipulation, and acute khat administration, all of which support both DA and NE mechanisms (al’Absi et al, 2013; al’absi et al, 2014; Nyongesa et al, 2013). Preliminary work indicates that CATH exhibits a high level of substrate activities on DA and NE transporters, albeit less potent than AMPH (Cleary and Docherty, 2003; Rothman et al, 2003; Simmler et al, 2013).…”

Section: Amphetamine and Cathinone: Structural And Neurophysiologimentioning

confidence: 95%

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Lemieux

Al’Absi

2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance To understand the role of khat (Catha edulis) use on the aberrations in appetite and weight which are common comorbidities for khat and other amphetamine users. Materials and methods We provide a comprehensive overview and conceptual summary of the historical cultural use of khat as a natural stimulant and describe the similarities and differences between cathinone (the main psychoactive constituent of khat) and amphetamine highlighting the limited literature on the neurophysiology of appetite and subsequent weight effects of khat. Results Animal and some human studies indicate that khat produces appetite suppression, although little is known about mechanisms of this effect. Both direct and indirect effects of khat stem from multiple factors including behavioral, chemical and neurophysiological effects on appetite and metabolism. Classic and newly identified appetite hormones have not been explored sufficiently in the study of appetite and khat use. Unique methodological challenges and opportunities are encountered when examining effects of khat and cathinone including khat-specific medical comorbidities, unique route of administration, differential patterns of behavioral effects relative to amphetamines and the nascent state of our understanding of the neurobiology of this drug. Conclusion A considerable amount of work remains in the study of the appetite effects of khat chewing and outline a program of research that could inform our understanding of this natural amphetamine’s appetite effects and help prepare health care workers for the unique health effects of this drug.

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Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers

Cited by 47 publications

References 46 publications

Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse

Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse

Acute effects of intravenous cocaine administration on serum concentrations of ghrelin, amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, leptin and peptide YY and relationships with cardiorespiratory and subjective responses

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

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