“…Extracellular RLK domains are classified into more than 20 classes, including S-domains, leucine-rich repeats (LRR), epidermal growth factor-like (EGF), lectin-like, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF), and pathogenesis related-5 protein (PR5), etc. Although a large number of RLKs have been identified in plants, initial studies mainly focused on expression patterns and biochemical analyses, therefore, functional studies of their signal transduction pathways are still inadequate, and most RLKs are still “orphan,” i.e., the ligands and downstream targets of most RLKs in Arabidopsis and Rice ( Shiu et al, 2004 ), and a group of RLKs as cell surface receptors for root meristem growth factors are still unknown ( Yu and Luan, 2016 ), which need further investigation.…”