Peptide probes for proteases – innovations and applications for monitoring proteolytic activity

Abstract

From a chemistry-based perspective, this review discusses the most recent advances in the field of substrate-based probes for the detection and analysis of proteolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo.

Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Skin Infections Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factor Aureolysin: Visualization by Molecular Imaging

“…However, no specific Aur inhibitors have yet been described, and it remains challenging to design robust assays for determining Aur activities in vitro and in living cells . In contrast to bacterial enzyme-responsive fluorescent probes that exhibit a turn-on fluorescence signal at a single channel, probes based on a two-channel ratiometric signal provide built-in self-calibration for signal correction, enabling more sensitive and reliable detection . Herein, we designed four FRET-based ratiometric probes, which featured a series of reported Aur tripeptide sequences sandwiched between Cy3–Cy5 fluorophore pairs via a short diethylamide linker (Figure S1).…”

“…35 In contrast to bacterial enzyme-responsive fluorescent probes that exhibit a turn-on fluorescence signal at a single channel, probes based on a twochannel ratiometric signal provide built-in self-calibration for signal correction, enabling more sensitive and reliable detection. 36 Herein, we designed four FRET-based ratiometric probes, which featured a series of reported Aur tripeptide sequences sandwiched between Cy3−Cy5 fluorophore pairs via a short diethylamide linker (Figure S1). The distance between the donor and acceptor moieties (R DA ) strongly influences the efficiency of FRET.…”

Activity-Based Probes for Proteases Pave the Way to Theranostic Applications

“…These molecules are fluorescently quenched peptide substrates encompassing the protease substrate recognition sequence. Cleavage of the peptide by the active protease releases the quencher and the proteolytic activity is quantified by monitoring fluorescence emission [ 6 ].…”

Recent progress in 0D optical nanoprobes for applications in the sensing of (bio)analytes with the prospect of global health monitoring and detailed mechanistic insights

“…These unique characteristics make zero-dimensional nanomaterials suitable for diverse applications, including, memory devices, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, catalysts, energy generation in biofuel cells, 20,21 together with fascinating applications in biomedicine and healthcare field. 22 In this regard, the fast and reliable detection of biomolecules by nanomaterials plays a fundamental role in medical diagnosis due to their unique size and unprecedented physico-chemical properties. 23 Biosensing is crucial for monitoring human health by the detection of bio-relevant analytes, which act as specific biomarkers of different diseases in the human body for specific disease diagnosis.…”