Peptide Delivery via Nasal Route: Exploring Recent Developments and Approaches

Abstract

There has been a significant increase in interest in using the nasal route to administer peptides. This is mainly due to its advantages, including less invasiveness, rapid absorption, and the ability to bypass initial metabolism in the liver. The incorporation of nanotechnology has emerged as a prominent strategy, with nanocarriers such as nanoparticles and liposomes being employed to augment stability and bioavailability of peptides, as extensively discussed in this review. These carriers serve the crucial function of safeguarding peptides against enzymatic degradation while also enabling a sustained release, thus extending the therapeutic impact. Additionally, this review delves into mucoadhesive polymers and permeation enhancers, which have undergone extensive exploration to enhance nasal retention and augment the transportation of peptides across the nasal mucosa. Recent breakthroughs in nasal peptide delivery have heralded a new era in peptide-based therapies. These advancements encompass innovative formulation technologies, the utilization of nanocarriers, permeation enhancers, and the integration of intelligent materials and nasal drug delivery devices, all of which are geared towards enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of nasal peptide delivery.