Pepsinogen C Expression in Tumors of Extragastric Origin

Am, Merino; Vázquez, Julio; Jc, Rodríguez; Fernández, Raúl Ambriz; Quintela, I; Lo, González; Sánchez, L M

doi:10.1177/172460080001500207

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…PGC is synthesized in the gastric mucosa and secreted into the gastric lumen, where it is converted into the active enzyme pepsin C under acidic conditions (5,6). Surprisingly, previous studies have reported ectopic expression of PGC in several carcinomas of extragastric origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PGC and PSMA in prostate cancer diagnosis: tissue analysis from biopsy samples

Antunes¹,

Reis²,

Leite³

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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Purpose: The discovery of new diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) has become an important field of research. In this study, we analyzed the diagnostic value of the expression of the pepsinogen C (PGC) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) genes in tissue samples obtained from prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: This study was comprised of 51 consecutive patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies between January 2010 and March 2010. The biopsies were performed with 12 cores, and an additional core was randomly retrieved from the peripheral zone from each patient for study purposes. The expression of the PGC and PSMA genes was analyzed from the cDnA from the samples via the qRT-PCR technology. The expression patterns of patients with PCa were compared with those of patients without a PCa diagnosis. Results: PSMA was overexpressed in only 43.4% of PCa cases, and PGC was overexpressed in 72.7% of cases. The median expression of PSMA was 1.5 times (0.1 to 43.9) and the median PGC expression was 8.7 times (0.1 to 50.0) the expression observed in prostatic tissue from TRUS-guided biopsies of normal patients. Analysis of patients with high-risk PCa indicated that PGC was overexpressed in 71.4% of cases (with a median expression of 10.6 times), and PSMA was overexpressed in only 35.7% of cases (with a median expression of 4.5 times). Among patients with low-risk PCa, PGC was also overexpressed in 71.4% of cases (with a median expression of 5.9 times), and PSMA was overexpressed in only 42.8% of cases (with a median expression of 2.5 times). Conclusions: PGC gene expression is significantly higher in prostatic tissue in men affected by PCa when compared to normal prostates. Further analyses are necessary to confirm our results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PGC and PSMA in prostate cancer diagnosis: tissue analysis from biopsy samples

Antunes¹,

Reis²,

Leite³

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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“…In addition PGC activity has been reported in tumours of extra-gastric origin including breast, bladder and prostate [14]. The significance of PGC in these tumours is not known but PGC expression appears to be hormonally regulated [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepsinogen C Expression in Intestinal IEC-6 Cells

Wells

Brown

Hall

2003

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Pepsinogen C (PGC) is the inactive precursor of pepsin C, which is a member of the aspartic proteinase family of proteolytic enzymes, and is found within the vertebrate stomach. The precursor molecule is synthesised within the gastric epithelial cells and secreted into the gastric lumen where it undergoes an autocatalytic activation under acidic conditions to the proteolytic molecule. However, the synthesis of PGC has also been reported in numerous non-gastric tissues including the prostate gland and the Brunner’s gland of the small intestine. The physiological significance of PGC in these tissues is not known and studies are limited by the lack of appropriate in vitro cell models. We report here the use of the rat intestinal cell line, IEC-6, as an in vitro model to study the role of pepsinogen C in the intestine. PGC expression was detected in the IEC-6 cells by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, using a PGC specific antibody, localised the protein to cytoplasmic secretory granules. Enzymatic assay confirmed the presence of a functional protein exhibiting pepsin activity. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR we showed that PGC gene expression was up-regulated by the gastro-intestinal hormones gastrin and secretin, and forskolin which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity. This study demonstrates that the IEC-6 cells provide a unique in vitro model for studying pepsinogen C and its potential role(s) in the small intestine.

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“…34,35 As such, pepsin in the lower airways may simply refl ect proximal refl ux (laryngopharyngeal refl ux). A second important consideration is that, unlike pepsinogen A, pepsinogen C has been identifi ed in extragastric 36 sites, including the lungs. [37][38][39] Specifi cally, it appears to be expressed by type 2 pneumocytes and is involved in surfactant B processing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%