Abstract:Bell pepper plants showing vein yellowing and leaf roll symptoms were observed in plastic houses at Kitanakagusuku, Okinawa Prefecture in 1981. The causal agent did not infect plants by mechanical inoculation or through seed but was transmitted by grafting and two species of aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover. collected from pepper and Myzus persicae Sulz. in a persistent manner. The causal agent has limited host range, only infect Capsicum species. In serological tests this agent did not react with antisera to pot… Show more
“…One of the species demarcation criteria for viruses of the family Luteoviridae is that differences in amino acid sequences of any gene product must be greater than 10% [2]. In addition, a previous transmission test [13] showed that PeVYV did not infect tobacco plants. These observations indicate that PeVYV belongs to a distinct species in the genus Polerovirus .Fig.…”
The complete genome of pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) was sequenced using random amplification of RNA samples isolated from vector insects (Aphis gossypii) that had been given access to PeVYV-infected plants. The PeVYV genome consisted of 6244 nucleotides and had a genomic organization characteristic of members of the genus Polerovirus. PeVYV had highest amino acid sequence identities in ORF0 to ORF3 (75.9 - 91.9%) with tobacco vein distorting polerovirus, with which it was only 25.1% identical in ORF5. These sequence comparisons and previously studied biological properties indicate that PeVYV is a distinctly different virus and belongs to a new species of the genus Polerovirus.
“…One of the species demarcation criteria for viruses of the family Luteoviridae is that differences in amino acid sequences of any gene product must be greater than 10% [2]. In addition, a previous transmission test [13] showed that PeVYV did not infect tobacco plants. These observations indicate that PeVYV belongs to a distinct species in the genus Polerovirus .Fig.…”
The complete genome of pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) was sequenced using random amplification of RNA samples isolated from vector insects (Aphis gossypii) that had been given access to PeVYV-infected plants. The PeVYV genome consisted of 6244 nucleotides and had a genomic organization characteristic of members of the genus Polerovirus. PeVYV had highest amino acid sequence identities in ORF0 to ORF3 (75.9 - 91.9%) with tobacco vein distorting polerovirus, with which it was only 25.1% identical in ORF5. These sequence comparisons and previously studied biological properties indicate that PeVYV is a distinctly different virus and belongs to a new species of the genus Polerovirus.
“…When a polerovirus infects pepper plants, it induces disease symptoms that include interveinal yellowing of leaves, shortened internode length, upward leaf curling, and discoloration of mature fruits. These symptoms, initially described in Japan (9) and Israel (10), were associated with a polerovirus recently named Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) (11). At least seven different polerovirus-like species associated with similar symptoms in pepper have been described worldwide.…”
Many animal and plant viruses depend on arthropods for their transmission. Virus-vector interactions are highly specific, and only one vector or one of a group of vectors from the same family is able to transmit a given virus. Poleroviruses (Luteoviridae) are phloem-restricted RNA plant viruses that are exclusively transmitted by aphids. Multiple aphid-transmitted polerovirus species commonly infect pepper, causing vein yellowing, leaf rolling, and fruit discoloration. Despite low aphid populations, a recent outbreak with such severe symptoms in many bell pepper farms in Israel led to reinvestigation of the disease and its insect vector. Here we report that this outbreak was caused by a new whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted polerovirus, which we named Pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus (PeWBVYV). PeWBVYV is highly (Ͼ95%) homologous to Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) from Israel and Greece on its 5= end half, while it is homologous to African eggplant yellows virus (AeYV) on its 3= half. Koch's postulates were proven by constructing a PeWBVYV infectious clone causing the pepper disease, which was in turn transmitted to test pepper plants by B. tabaci but not by aphids. PeWBVYV represents the first report of a whitefly-transmitted polerovirus. IMPORTANCE The high specificity of virus-vector interactions limits the possibility of a given virus changing vectors. Our report describes a new virus from a family of viruses strictly transmitted by aphids which is now transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and not by aphids. This report presents the first description of polerovirus transmission by whiteflies. Whiteflies are highly resistant to insecticides and disperse over long distances, carrying virus inoculum. Thus, the report of such unusual polerovirus transmission by a supervector has extensive implications for the epidemiology of the virus disease, with ramifications concerning the international trade of agricultural commodities.
“…The difference in the host ranges of PYLCV and PeVYV is demonstrated by the ability of the first to infect
Datura
stramonium and Petunia hybrida while PeVYV is not infecting
D
. stramonium [9] P. hybrida was not tested for infection of PeVYV but reported as a host of TVDV [37].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yellowing symptoms on pepper plants caused by Capsicum yellows virus (CYV) [8] and Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) [9] have been reported in Australia and Japan, respectively. Both of these viruses were assigned to the genus Luteovirus , based on particle morphology, serology and aphid transmission, but not on any sequence information.…”
We determined the complete sequence and organization of the genome of a putative member of the genus Polerovirus tentatively named Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV). PYLCV has a wider host range than Tobacco vein-distorting virus (TVDV) and has a close serological relationship with Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (both poleroviruses). The extracted viral RNA was subjected to SOLiD next-generation sequence analysis and used as a template for reverse transcription synthesis, which was followed by PCR amplification. The ssRNA genome of PYLCV includes 6,028 nucleotides encoding six open reading frames (ORFs), which is typical of the genus Polerovirus. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences of the PYLCV ORFs 2-4 and ORF5, indicate that there are high levels of similarity between these sequences to ORFs 2-4 of TVDV (84-93%) and to ORF5 of CABYV (87%). Both PYLCV and Pepper vein yellowing virus (PeVYV) contain sequences that point to a common ancestral polerovirus. The recombination breakpoint which is located at CABYV ORF3, which encodes the viral coat protein (CP), may explain the CABYV-like sequences found in the genomes of the pepper infecting viruses PYLCV and PeVYV. Two additional regions unique to PYLCV (PY1 and PY2) were identified between nucleotides 4,962 and 5,061 (ORF 5) and between positions 5,866 and 6,028 in the 3' NCR. Sequence analysis of the pepper-infecting PeVYV revealed three unique regions (Pe1-Pe3) with no similarity to other members of the genus Polerovirus. Genomic analyses of PYLCV and PeVYV suggest that the speciation of these viruses occurred through putative recombination event(s) between poleroviruses co-infecting a common host(s), resulting in the emergence of PYLCV, a novel pathogen with a wider host range.
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