Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats

Abstract

Backgroud Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth has been used widely to treat headache, kidney disease, fever, and hypertension. Previous in vitro studies discovered that the flavonoid-rich extract of this plant has potential hypotensive effects, specifically angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to validate the result in vivo . Purpose This study investigated the dose dependencies of the effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic extract of this plant on blood pressure and biomarkers associated with the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone systems (RAAS), such as angiotensin II (AII) and the plasma renin concentration (PRC). Study design In total, 30 two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive model rats were divided into five groups (n = 6 each): model group, captopril 25 mg/kg BW group, and three different ethyl acetate groups (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW). Another six rats comprised the sham group. Methods Renal hypertensive rats (RHRs) were generated using stainless steel modification clips. Drugs were administered via oral gavage for 2 consecutive weeks. Blood pressure was measured weekly prior to treatment. Blood samples were collected before treatment and after the last dose to measure AII and PRC. The left kidney was isolated for histopathological examination. Results Blood pressure, AII levels, and PRC were elevated after 6 weeks in RHRs. Treatment with captopril and the ethyl acetate fraction of P. pellucida (L.) Kunth decreased blood pressure, AII levels, and PRC. The ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW had similar ACE-inhibitory effects as captopril. Histopathological examination disclosed coagulative necrosis in clipped kidneys. Impairment was alleviated in a dose-dependent manner by P. pellucida (L.) Kunth, similarly as observed in the captopril group. Conclusion P. pellucida (L.) Kunth targets the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which might explain its antihypertensive effects.

Skin Anti-Aging Potentials of Phytochemicals from Peperomia pellucida against Selected Metalloproteinase Targets: An In Silico Approach

“…The surface interaction, docking score, and inhibition constants revealed that our compounds, especially the selected hit compounds, fit properly into the active sites and have lower binding energies compared with the co-crystallized synthetic inhibitors (Table 1, Figures 2 and 6-8). For elastase, it has been reported that the interaction of the inhibitor with Zn ion and the S1 subsite of the active site is key for activity, as observed with the synthetic inhibitor [30,35]. Our hit compounds show similar interaction at the active site, including the metal chelation and Ala-182 H-bond, which is important for its inhibitory activity.…”

“…Skin pigmentation is controlled by melanin, and melanin synthesis is under the control of tyrosinase. Thus, inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme can improve overall skin appearance, prevent hyperpigmentation, and retard the aging process [35,36]. Kojic acid, a known compound for the management of hyperpigmentation, acts by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme [37].…”

High-Fat Diet Enhances Platelet Activation and Is Associated with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9: An Animal Study

“…The systolic, diastolic, and arterial blood pressures were determined before and after induction of a high-fat diet using a non-invasive CODA (Kent Scientific Corporation, Torrington, CT, USA) based on the methods performed by a previous study [30]. Before the measurement, all rats were moved to a chamber and allowed to acclimatize for 15-30 min at 30 • C.…”

Potensi Teh Herbal Herba Suruhan sebagai Anti- Hipertensi Melalui Aktivitas Penghambatan Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

“…Dosis yang lebih tinggi memiliki aktivitas yang lebih rendah kemungkinan diakibatkan karena adanya aktivitas antagonis dalam fraksi yang digunakan. Pada dosis 50 mg/kg bb memiliki aktivitas penghambatan ACE yang mirip dengan kaptopril [12].…”

“…Teh herbal dipilih karena pembuatannya mudah dan cepat, sehingga tidak mengambil banyak waktu pembuatnya. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian diketahui bahwa flavonoid pada herba suruhan memiliki aktivitas antihipertensi melalui aktivitas penghambatan angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), sehingga herba suruhan memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif ataupun pendukung bagi penderita hipertensi [9]- [12]. Berfokus pada publikasi 5 tahun terakhir terkait aktivitas herba suruhan sebagai antihipertensi, review ini berupaya untuk memperbaharui pengetahuan masyarakat terkait komposisi kimia dan manfaat herba suruhan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah, serta metode pembuatan teh herbal herba suruhan agar masyarakat mampu membuatnya secara mandiri dirumah.…”