People with Mental Illness: Problem-Oriented Guides for Police: Problem-Specific Guides Series

Cordner, Gary W.

doi:10.1037/e517382006-001

Cited by 33 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Police do come into contact with people with mental illness-not only because of troublesome behavior on the part of the person with mental illness but also in a variety of other situations, including police-initiated contact (such as motor vehicle stops), enforcement of court orders, provision of transport for emergency hospitalization, or response after the commission of crimes (7). It is estimated that police spend approximately 10% of their time involved in situations with people with mental illness (8). The police arrest people with mental illness for a variety of crimes, ranging from misdemeanor offenses to serious violent crimes, and arrest causes people with mental illness to enter the criminal justice system (9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizons of Context: Understanding the Police Decision to Arrest People With Mental Illness

Morabito¹

2007

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The criminalization hypothesis assumes that deinstitutionalization coupled with inadequate police training has led to the increased arrest of people with mental illness. Arrest is viewed as a means to manage the troublesome behavior that often results from mental illness. Supporting research has emphasized the contributing role that illness plays in the arrest decision. This assumption largely ignores an extant criminal justice literature on the factors that influence arrest. On the basis of a review of this criminal justice literature, beginning with Bittner's 1967 seminal work, a framework is proposed that incorporates three contexts-manipulative, temporal, and scenic-surrounding the police encounter and the relationship of these contexts to mental illness. These three "horizons" incorporate the characteristics of the community, the offender, and the incident, all of which are recognized as influential in shaping police discretion. The scenic horizon is indicative of the features of the community. The temporal horizon includes police knowledge that stretches beyond the specific incident and officer characteristics. The manipulative horizon involves the current incident from the standpoint of the officer and includes considerations of safety for the community as well as the immediate concerns of the officer. Implications of this framework are then explored with respect to both police and mental health service mandates.

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confidence: 99%

Horizons of Context: Understanding the Police Decision to Arrest People With Mental Illness

Morabito¹

2007

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“…The CIT model was shown to use mental health intervention and referral more frequently and arrest less frequently in managing PMI calls. Steadman et al (2000) also observed that on one important outcome measure-the use of referral to emergency service-the outcome observed in Memphis (the city with the best mental health referral-per-call rate: 95%) could best be explained by the availability of a crisis drop-off center maintaining a no-refusal policy for police referrals, a resource not present in the other two jurisdictions Cordner, 2006;Steadman et al, 2001).…”

Section: Research On Cit and Similar Modelsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Deane, Steadman, Borum, Veysey, and Morrissey (1999) reported that, in medium to large departments, roughly 10% of police contacts are related to PMI. Others have observed that officers spend more of their time managing PMI-related incidents than they do responding to traffic accidents, burglaries, or assaults (Cordner, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis Intervention Teams as the Solution to Managing Crises Involving Persons with Serious Psychiatric Illnesses: Does One Size Fit All?

Fisher

Grudzinskas

2010

Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations

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Police interactions with persons who display behaviors suggestive of mental illness are extremely common. How officers manage these encounters has significant consequences for the subjects of those encounters, the criminal justice and mental health systems, and for public safety. For the past three decades, the police Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) has gained popularity as the approach for ensuring optimal outcomes of these interactions. Despite this popularity, questions remain about this approach. This article addresses two such questions: (1) What might be alternative models? and (2) What research needs to be implemented to assess the effectiveness of CIT and its impact on the mental health systems in which it is developed? We do not provide empirical answers to these questions; rather we develop a background discussion and plan for a research framework that would address these issues

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“…The concern that persons with mental illness are violent reinforces the view of their potential lethality and can result in the use of unnecessary force (Ruiz & Miller, 2004). This concern should be covered in police training because individuals with mental illness are four times more likely to be killed by the police (Cordner, 2006). Some of these incidents may be an individual's attempt to commit suicide by being shot by someone other than themselves, commonly known as "suicide by cop" (SbC).…”

Section: The Relationship Between Violence and Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Strategic Approach to Police Interactions Involving Persons with Mental Illness

Lipson

Turner

Kasper

2010

Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations

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A growing challenge for law enforcement is dealing appropriately and effectively with persons with mental illness. Individuals experiencing acute symptoms of mental illness may respond differently than what front-line officers expect. Thus, persons with mental illness raise risk issues regarding intervention, strategy, and program framing. As the population grows and ages, so does the number of persons with mental illnesses. First, we look at the prevalence of mental illness. Second, the evolving research on the relationship between violence and mental illness is presented. Third, we discuss how individuals with mental illnesses are also at risk of being victimized by crime. Fourth, we examine what additional risk factors police can explore to determine the threat level posed when responding to a person with mental illness. A specific technique that officers can employ to more effectively gather information, reduce the risk of confrontation, and promote cooperation is used as an example.

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People with Mental Illness: Problem-Oriented Guides for Police: Problem-Specific Guides Series

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Horizons of Context: Understanding the Police Decision to Arrest People With Mental Illness

Horizons of Context: Understanding the Police Decision to Arrest People With Mental Illness

Crisis Intervention Teams as the Solution to Managing Crises Involving Persons with Serious Psychiatric Illnesses: Does One Size Fit All?

A Strategic Approach to Police Interactions Involving Persons with Mental Illness

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