People higher in self-control do not necessarily experience more happiness: Regulatory focus also affects subjective well-being

Ouyang, Yi; Zhu, Yi; Fan, Wei; Tan, Qianbao; Zhong, Yiping

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.044

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…All of the measurement items in this study were adopted from previous research. The promotion and prevention focus scales are from Higgins et al ( 2001 ) as translated by Ouyang et al ( 2015 ) into a Chinese context to give them better credibility and reliability. This study directly used their scales to appropriately assess Chinese consumers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Mobile Text Advertising on Consumer Purchase Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Lin

Chen

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Mobile shopping is increasing in prevalence and has become a necessary part of many people's daily lives. However, one main channel for mobile shopping, mobile shopping applications (apps), has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focused on mobile text advertising delivered from mobile shopping apps using the intention to purchase as the dependent variable for testing its marketing effect. In the context of a promotion focus vs. a prevention focus, we used Higgins' regulatory focus theory combined with Ajzen's TPB and Herzog's U&G to analyze the mechanism by which consumers formulate an intention to purchase in a mobile advertising context. This empirical study surveyed 320 consumers who had made a purchase using a mobile shopping app in the previous month. The results showed that infotainment, irritation, and subjective norms were significantly associated with attitudes; in turn, attitudes mediated the impact of these three factors on the intention to purchase. Moreover, a high promotion focus not only strengthened the positive effect of infotainment on attitudes but also intensified the mediation effect of attitudes between infotainment and the intention to purchase. A high prevention focus also consolidated the negative effect of irritation on attitudes as well as reinforced the mediation effect of attitudes between irritation and the intention to purchase. Furthermore, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control collectively impacted the intention to purchase. These findings shed light on ways to customize goods information in mobile advertising and have strong theoretical and practical implications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RFT has been widely used in the field of consumer behavior (Avnet and Higgins, 2006 ; Wang and Sun, 2010 ; Ouyang et al, 2015 ). Scholars have found that promotion and prevention focuses significantly influence consumer decision making (Lee and Santanam, 2014 ; Das, 2016 ).…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mobile Text Advertising on Consumer Purchase Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Lin

Chen

2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…Different regulatory focus types imply different sensitivities to information about an emotion ( Shah and Higgins, 2001 ). Promotion-focused individuals pursue growth-related outcomes and are more likely to experience happiness, while prevention-focused individuals pursue safety-related outcomes and are more likely to experience sorrow ( Higgins, 1998 ; Ouyang et al, 2015 ; Song and Qu, 2019 ). Previous studies found that promotion focus can induce heuristic processing, which enables people to make judgments based on subjective emotions, while prevention focus can induce analytic processing, which promotes judgments less based on subjective emotions ( Friedman and Förster, 2000 , 2001 ; Pham et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Regulatory Focus and Emotions on Information Preferences: The Affect-as-Information Perspective

et al. 2020

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This study explored the effects of regulatory focus and emotions on information preferences, specifically information selection preferences (experiment 1) and implicit information preferences (experiment 2). Our findings revealed that, in the promotionfocused condition, individuals preferred hedonic information (vs. functional information) when they were happy (vs. sad). However, emotions' effects on information preferences were attenuated in the prevention-focused condition. In experiment 3, we tested whether regulatory focus and salient emotions influenced information preferences. The results suggested that regulatory focus and salient emotions had no significant interactive effect on information selection preferences, but had a significant interactive effect on implicit preferences. These results further our understanding of the psychological dynamic mechanism involved in information preferences, which augments the affect-as-information theory.

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“…This is because the former were more likely to be motivated to achieve their ideals and goals, which would then provide them with more opportunities to experience happiness. Therefore, based on the analyses of the relationship between self-control and subjective well-being, examining the effects of different motivation types would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship (Ouyang et al, 2015;Zeng and Chen, 2020). Muraven and Slessareva (2003) designed three experiments and found that motivation and self-control jointly determined individuals' performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the emergence of positive psychology, subjective well-being has become a representative indicator of an individual’s adaptation to their life. Recently, the association between self-control and subjective well-being has attracted increased attention from researchers ( De Ridder et al, 2012 ; Cheung et al, 2014 ; Hofmann et al, 2014 ; Layton and Muraven, 2014 ; Carter et al, 2015 ; Grund et al, 2015 ; Ouyang et al, 2015 ; Wiese et al, 2018 ; Fritz and Gallagher, 2019 ; Nielsen et al, 2019 ; Joshanloo et al, 2020 ; Massar et al, 2020 ; Zeng and Chen, 2020 ). Self-control is the overriding or inhibiting of automatic, habitual, or innate behaviors, urges, emotions, or desires that would otherwise interfere with one’s goal-directed behaviors ( Baumeister et al, 1994 ; Barkley, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Self-Control on Subjective Well-Being: Examining the Moderating Role of Trait and State Motivation

et al. 2022

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It is well documented that self-control has a positive effect on individuals’ subjective well-being. However, little research has focused on the moderators underlying this relationship. The present research used two studies to examine the moderating role of both trait and state motivation on the relationship between self-control and subjective well-being using psychometric and experimental models, respectively. In Study 1, we explored whether trait motivation (including promotion vs. prevention motivation) moderated the relationship between trait self-control and subjective well-being using a psychometric model. In Study 2, we examined the moderating effects of both trait and state motivation on the effect of state self-control (measured via ego depletion) on subjective well-being using an experimental model. Our results indicated that self-control had a positive effect on subjective well-being, with this relationship being primarily moderated by prevention motivation. When state and trait prevention motivations were congruent, self-control had the most obvious impact on subjective well-being. This study suggests that current understandings around the association between self-control and happiness is limited, implying that motivation should be the focus of future research.

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People higher in self-control do not necessarily experience more happiness: Regulatory focus also affects subjective well-being

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Mobile Text Advertising on Consumer Purchase Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Effects of Mobile Text Advertising on Consumer Purchase Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Effects of Regulatory Focus and Emotions on Information Preferences: The Affect-as-Information Perspective

Effects of Self-Control on Subjective Well-Being: Examining the Moderating Role of Trait and State Motivation

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