People and Land in the Middle Ages, 1066–1500

Campbell, Bruce M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-219253-1.50011-7

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…On the central Beal floodplain at core 1 some 2.2 m of sediment has accumu-lated since 910-660 cal. Furthermore, the highest sedimentation rates are recorded between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries AD (Table VI in Hudson-Edwards et al, 1999), a period which coincides with population growth and agricultural expansion in the Middle Ages (Campbell, 1990). In the area immediately adjacent to the channel (core 6) approximately 2.4 m fine-grained alluvium has accumulated since c. 1750.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Anthropogenic disturbance of the natural vegetation coverage within the upper parts of the catchment (Bartley, 1962;1964;Bartley et al, 1990;Tinsley, 1972;1975;Tinsley and Smith, 1974;Honeyman, 1985;Fleming, 1998) particularly from the midto late Iron Age onwards was probably an important factor in providing fine-grained sediment to the alluvial systems of the Yorkshire Ouse Basin. Furthermore, the highest sedimentation rates are recorded between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries AD (Table VI in Hudson-Edwards et al, 1999), a period which coincides with population growth and agricultural expansion in the Middle Ages (Campbell, 1990). Sediments reworked in upstream incising reaches, such as Catterick, were deposited at lowland reaches where low floodplain gradients, wide valley floors and low stream powers permitted substantial storage and aggradation of alluvium during the late Holocene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

River sedimentation and fluvial response to Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin, northern England

Taylor

Macklin²,

Hudson‐Edwards

2000

The Holocene

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Holocene alluvial sediment sequences and floodplain geomorphological histories from three valley-floor sequences in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin have been determined using a variety of field evidence and laboratory methods: geomorphological mapping, sediment coring and trenching, physical and chemical analysis of sedimentary units, and 14C dating. The application of multiple methods has revealed contrasting phases of river erosion, alluviation and depositional styles during the Late Quaternary at each of the individual study reaches. The gravel bedded River Swale at Catterick has been characterized by progressive valley-floor incision during the late Holocene with major phases of incision occurring during the cooler and wetter phase of the 'Little Ice Age’. Within the last c. 245 years, substantial thicknesses (up to 2 m) of overbank alluvium contaminated by metalliferous mining have been deposited across thefloodplain. In contrast, floodplain development in the lower reaches of the River Swale at Myton and the River Aire at Beal has predominantly been one of relative channel stability and vertical aggradation. Here, low floodplain gradients, wide valley floors, stable channels and limited lateral floodplain erosion have combined to produce thick (c.10 m) sequences of finegrained alluvium deposited in overbank environments. Mining-related contamination in lowland floodplains is much lower than at Catterick with limited amounts of historically contaminated alluvium being deposited across the floodplain. Although environmental change has been important in controlling Holocene floodplain development, the upper and lower reaches of the Yorkshire Ouse basin have responded differently to these effects because of reach-scale geomorphic controls. Caution needs to be applied before relating broad-scale environmental change to river response across a whole river basin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River sedimentation and fluvial response to Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin, northern England

Taylor

Macklin²,

Hudson‐Edwards

2000

The Holocene

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“…Apart from mining and industrialization, these increases may be due to additional factors such as population growth, agricultural expansion and associated soil destabilization in the upland areas during the Middle Ages (cf. Campbell, 1990) and climatic in¯uences. During the transition from the medieval warm period to the cooler Little Ice Age (c. 1500±1850; Lamb, 1995), many parts of Europe and North America experienced signi®cantly higher magnitude and more frequent¯oods (Knox, 1993 (Table II; British Geological Survey, 1996).…”

Section: Or (B) Varying Metal Concentrations Across The¯oodplains;mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Yorkshire Ouse basin in north-east England is an ideal study site for long-term heavy metal storage because it has been aected by at least 2000 years of Pb and Zn mining in the Yorkshire Dales (Dunham and Wilson, 1985;Macklin et al, 1997), and c. 250±300 years of industrial and urbanization activity around Leeds and Bradford (National Rivers Authority, 1996a;Dawson, 1997), and because the human (Tinsley, 1975;Campbell, 1990) and Holocene sedimentation histories (Gaunt et al, 1971;Catt, 1987;Gaunt, 1994;Taylor and Macklin, 1997) are reasonably well constrained. Some sediment-borne contamination studies comparisons to be made with the British Geological Survey's G-BASE river sediment survey (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2000 years of sediment-borne heavy metal storage in the Yorkshire Ouse basin, NE England, UK

1999

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Floodplain overbank sediments are often used to evaluate the in¯uence of environmental change on sediment and chemical¯uxes within river basins. This paper presents the results of an investigation of heavy metal storage in seven¯oodplain reaches in the Yorkshire Ouse basin in north-east England. Floodplain heavy metal storage has been greatest since c. 1750, and many of the post-1750 sedimentary units exhibit heavy metal values that exceed recommended trigger and guideline values for contaminated land. Relatively high heavy metal storage occurs from AD 1250±1750 in most of the reaches. These patterns are related to 2000 years of Pb and Zn mining in the Yorkshire Dales and c. 250±300 years of industrial and urbanization activity around Leeds and Bradford, and increased delivery of ®ne-grained sediment during the last millennium, possibly owing to factors such as population growth and agricultural expansion during the Middle Ages, and climate change during the Little Ice Age.

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“…For information from earlier than the mid-sixteenth century we have to use sources such as medieval Manor Court Rolls (see Razi, 1980;Raftis, 1974Raftis, , 1982, Freeman Rolls (McClure, 1979), depositions of witnesses in church courts and apprenticeship records (Clark, 1979), Lay subsidies and Poll Taxes (Campbell, 1990). Migration can often be inferred from records such as these by virtue of the fact that an individual's birthplace is recorded as part of the incidental detail of the document.…”

Section: Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Field Surveys and Population Cycles

Bintliff¹,

J.L²

2016

Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC - AD 1800)

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This is one of five volumes being published by the POPULUS project, a European research network funded by the EU Human Capital and Mobility programme (Contract ERB CHRXCT930305) to address a series of methodological issues in Mediterranean landscape archaeology. THE POPULUS VOLUMES The five Colloquia are being published as a series by Oxbow Books under the title Mediterranean Landscapes, with Graeme Barker and David Mattingly as Series Editors. The five volumes are: 1. Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC -AD 1800) edited by John Bintliff and Kostas Sbonias; 2.

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People and Land in the Middle Ages, 1066–1500

Cited by 26 publications

References 90 publications

River sedimentation and fluvial response to Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin, northern England

River sedimentation and fluvial response to Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin, northern England

2000 years of sediment-borne heavy metal storage in the Yorkshire Ouse basin, NE England, UK

Regional Field Surveys and Population Cycles

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