Pentoxyfylline increases survival of mice in endotoxic shock

Pentoxifylline Treatment Attenuates Pulmonary Vasomotor Dysfunction in Acute Lung Injury

“…several beneficial effects in sepsis. Pentoxifylline decreases secretion of IL-1 [15,17], inhibits platelet adAlthough we utilized main branch pulmonary arteries, our findings correlate with those of Li [9] who observed herence to endothelium, and stimulates fibrinolysis [31]. It also reverses red cell rigidity and increased a decrease in pulmonary artery pressures with PTX in a chronically instrumented piglet model of endotoxin blood viscosity produced by endotoxemia [32].…”

Pharmacologic Inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor Production Exert Differential Effects in Lethal Endotoxemia and in Infection with Live Microorganisms in Mice

“…Despite substantial reduction in TN F-a production by pentoxifylline, this drug did not improve survival after endo toxin challenge in our experiments. Our findings with chlor promazine are in accordance with those of Gadina et al [ 18], but despite equal and even higher dosage schedules of pen toxifylline used in our experiments, we could not confirm the data ofSchade et al [16], who showed a beneficial effect of pentoxifylline on survival. These differences cannot readily be explained.…”

“…Chlorpromazine was obtained from Rhone-Poulenc Rorer (Amstelveen, Netherlands), and thalidomide was provided by K. Zwingenberger (Grunenthal, Sto 1 berg, Germany). Pentoxifylline (40 or 80 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) were given in pyrogen-free saline by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, since this is a convenient and effective route for administration of these compounds [16,18]. Because no water-soluble form of thalidomide is available, this drug was given by gastric instillation in 1% carboxymethylcellulose at a dose of 400 mg/kg, Control mice received vehicle by the same route.…”

“…Similarly, treatment with either of the naturally occurring antagonists of IL-1 and TNF, IL-1 recep tor antagonist and soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR), has been shown effective in lethal endotoxemia and in various models of experimental infection [6][7][8][9][10][11], TNF-a also appears to have an important role in experimental Candida albicans in fection. The mannoprotein constituents of the Candida cell wall induce the in vitro production of TNF-a by macro phages [12], and in vivo infusion of C, albicans in mice in duces a rise in TNF-a plasma concentrations, which peak at Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative and phospho diesterase inhibitor, inhibits the generation of mRNA for TN F-a in vitro [14] and decreases the in vivo production of TN F-a in humans and in experimental animals [15][16][17]. Pentoxifylline has been reported to increase survival of mice in endotoxic shock [16], Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine derivative with a broad spectrum of actions that protects against the toxicity o f endotoxin in various experimental models.…”

“…The mannoprotein constituents of the Candida cell wall induce the in vitro production of TNF-a by macro phages [12], and in vivo infusion of C, albicans in mice in duces a rise in TNF-a plasma concentrations, which peak at Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative and phospho diesterase inhibitor, inhibits the generation of mRNA for TN F-a in vitro [14] and decreases the in vivo production of TN F-a in humans and in experimental animals [15][16][17]. Pentoxifylline has been reported to increase survival of mice in endotoxic shock [16], Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine derivative with a broad spectrum of actions that protects against the toxicity o f endotoxin in various experimental models. At least part of this protection is achieved through inhibition of T N F synthesis [18].…”