Pentoxifylline and skin inflammation

Abstract

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as pentoxifylline, have been shown to beneficially influence a large number of inflammatory skin diseases. The biological effects of pentoxifylline on the production of proinflammatory cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, chemokines and leukocyte-keratinocyte adhesion in skin inflammation are discussed.

Controlled release of pentoxifylline from porous chitosan-pectin scaffolds

“…At the dosage of 100 μg/ml, PTX is known to suppress immune cell proliferation (Bruynzeel et al, 1998;Vukanić et al, 2007). Based on possible PTX metabolic pathways in cells (Costantini et al, 2009), it is speculated that when higher doses of PTX were added directly to the medium with activated macrophage cells, they inhibited macrophage cell proliferation, superoxide production (Bessler et al, 1986;Vukanić et al, 2007;Pardakhti et al, 2009), and TNF-α mRNA and IL-6 expressions.…”

“…Pentoxifylline (PTX) is an anti-inflammatory drug that has been known to inhibit immune cells from producing TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 (Bessler et al, 1986;Bruynzeel et al, 1998;Costantini et al, 2009) and to treat/prevent fibrosis (Berman & Duncan, 1989;Berman et al, 1992;Pardakhti et al, 2009). PTX is known to exert its effects through phosphodiesterase inhibition and acts through both protein kinase A dependent and independent pathways (Costantini et al, 2009).…”

Modifications of alginate-based scaffolds and characterizations of their pentoxifylline release properties

“…At the dosage of 100 lg/ml, PTX is known to suppress immune cell proliferation (Bruynzeel, Stoof, & Willemze, 1998;Vukanic, Colic, and Dimitrijevic, 2007). Based on the three possible cellular metabolic pathways of PTX (Costantini et al, 2009), it is speculated that when a high dosage of PTX was added to macrophage cells in this test, it was used not only in suppressing TNF-a mRNA and the sequential IL-6 expressions, but also in inhibiting cell proliferation (Vukanic et al, 2007).…”

Local pentoxifylline administration decreases the formalin induced Fos expression in rat spinal cord

“…inflammatory skin diseases (8). It has multiple effects on the immune system, but the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release predominates (9,10).…”