Pentose metabolism and conversion to biofuels and high-value chemicals in yeasts

Ruchała, Justyna; Sibirny, Andriy А.

doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa069

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 596 publications

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“…All strains first consumed the glucose and acetic acid simultaneously, followed by utilisation of xylose. A preference of glucose over xylose as carbon source has been described before and is most probably due to glucose repression of xylose catabolism and/or competition for the same sugar transport protein [ 30 , 31 ]. Simultaneous glucose/acetic acid consumption has been observed before [ 10 ], indicating that consumption of these carbon sources does not interfere with each other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oleaginous yeasts respond differently to carbon sources present in lignocellulose hydrolysate

Brandenburg

Blomqvist

Shapaval

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Microbial oils, generated from lignocellulosic material, have great potential as renewable and sustainable alternatives to fossil-based fuels and chemicals. By unravelling the diversity of lipid accumulation physiology in different oleaginous yeasts grown on the various carbon sources present in lignocellulose hydrolysate (LH), new targets for optimisation of lipid accumulation can be identified. Monitoring lipid formation over time is essential for understanding lipid accumulation physiology. This study investigated lipid accumulation in a variety of oleaginous ascomycetous and basidiomycetous strains grown in glucose and xylose and followed lipid formation kinetics of selected strains in wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH). Results Twenty-nine oleaginous yeast strains were tested for their ability to utilise glucose and xylose, the main sugars present in WSH. Evaluation of sugar consumption and lipid accumulation revealed marked differences in xylose utilisation capacity between the yeast strains, even between those belonging to the same species. Five different promising strains, belonging to the species Lipomyces starkeyi, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula babjevae and Rhodotorula toruloides, were grown on undiluted wheat straw hydrolysate and lipid accumulation was followed over time, using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All five strains were able to grow on undiluted WSH and to accumulate lipids, but to different extents and with different productivities. R. babjevae DVBPG 8058 was the best-performing strain, accumulating 64.8% of cell dry weight (CDW) as lipids. It reached a culture density of 28 g/L CDW in batch cultivation, resulting in a lipid content of 18.1 g/L and yield of 0.24 g lipids per g carbon source. This strain formed lipids from the major carbon sources in hydrolysate, glucose, acetate and xylose. R. glutinis CBS 2367 also consumed these carbon sources, but when assimilating xylose it consumed intracellular lipids simultaneously. Rhodotorula strains contained a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids than the two tested Lipomyces starkeyi strains. Conclusions There is considerable metabolic diversity among oleaginous yeasts, even between closely related species and strains, especially when converting xylose to biomass and lipids. Monitoring the kinetics of lipid accumulation and identifying the molecular basis of this diversity are keys to selecting suitable strains for high lipid production from lignocellulose.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In R. toruloides , proteins involved in oxidative stress response are reported to be overproduced during growth on xylose compared with growth on glucose [ 35 ]. Xylose may induce stress responses in a variety of microorganisms, which would explain the difficulties in obtaining sustainable biofuel production from this sugar [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleaginous yeasts respond differently to carbon sources present in lignocellulose hydrolysate

Brandenburg

Blomqvist

Shapaval

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…In fact, expression of these genes and those of the PPP is strongly induced by growing S. stipitis on xylose as a sole carbon source [127]. Yet, due to the low yield and the general sensitivity of this yeast to ethanol, research has been mainly focused on adapting the knowledge gained to the more suitable S. cerevisiae [128].…”

Section: Non-conventional Yeastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are just a few examples demonstrating that non-conventional yeasts and their PPP are of great interest for ongoing and future biotechnological applications. For a larger overview on these and other yeast species in applied pentose metabolism, the reader is referred to [128].…”

Section: Non-conventional Yeastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Yeasts–More Than a Poor Cousin of Glycolysis

2021

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a route that can work in parallel to glycolysis in glucose degradation in most living cells. It has a unidirectional oxidative part with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as a key enzyme generating NADPH, and a non-oxidative part involving the reversible transketolase and transaldolase reactions, which interchange PPP metabolites with glycolysis. While the oxidative branch is vital to cope with oxidative stress, the non-oxidative branch provides precursors for the synthesis of nucleic, fatty and aromatic amino acids. For glucose catabolism in the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where its components were first discovered and extensively studied, the PPP plays only a minor role. In contrast, PPP and glycolysis contribute almost equally to glucose degradation in other yeasts. We here summarize the data available for the PPP enzymes focusing on S. cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis, and describe the phenotypes of gene deletions and the benefits of their overproduction and modification. Reference to other yeasts and to the importance of the PPP in their biotechnological and medical applications is briefly being included. We propose future studies on the PPP in K. lactis to be of special interest for basic science and as a host for the expression of human disease genes.

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“…Lignocellulosic biomass, such as energy crops, aquatic plants, forest biomass, and agricultural residues, is one of the most important renewable sources. Biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as a good alternative to petroleum fuels due to the reduction of CO 2 emission [ 1 , 2 ]. The second generation bioethanol had been developed using lignocellulosic biomass to supply liquid fuel for vehicles [ 3 – 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein acetylation regulates xylose metabolism during adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Tan

Wang

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background As the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, hemicellulose can be degraded to xylose as the feedstock for bioconversion to fuels and chemicals. To enhance xylose conversion, the engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae with xylose metabolic pathway is usually adapted with xylose as the carbon source in the laboratory. However, the mechanism under the adaptation phenomena of the engineered strain is still unclear. Results In this study, xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae was constructed and used for the adaptation study. It was found that xylose consumption rate increased 1.24-fold in the second incubation of the yYST12 strain in synthetic complete-xylose medium compared with the first incubation. The study figured out that it was observed at the single-cell level that the stagnation time for xylose utilization was reduced after adaptation with xylose medium in the microfluidic device. Such transient memory of xylose metabolism after adaptation with xylose medium, named “xylose consumption memory”, was observed in the strains with both xylose isomerase pathway and xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase pathways. In further, the proteomic acetylation of the strains before and after adaptation was investigated, and it was revealed that H4K5 was one of the most differential acetylation sites related to xylose consumption memory of engineered S. cerevisiae. We tested 8 genes encoding acetylase or deacetylase, and it was found that the knockout of the GCN5 and HPA2 encoding acetylases enhanced the xylose consumption memory. Conclusions The behavior of xylose consumption memory in engineered S. cerevisiae can be successfully induced with xylose in the adaptation. H4K5Ac and two genes of GCN5 and HPA2 are related to xylose consumption memory of engineered S. cerevisiae during adaptation. This study provides valuable insights into the xylose adaptation of engineered S. cerevisiae.

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Pentose metabolism and conversion to biofuels and high-value chemicals in yeasts

Cited by 32 publications

References 596 publications

Oleaginous yeasts respond differently to carbon sources present in lignocellulose hydrolysate

Oleaginous yeasts respond differently to carbon sources present in lignocellulose hydrolysate

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Yeasts–More Than a Poor Cousin of Glycolysis

Protein acetylation regulates xylose metabolism during adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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