Pentazocine abuse in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Seen at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: A Chronic Menace

Iheanacho, OE; Ezenwenyi, Innocent P; Enosolease, ME

doi:10.9734/ijtdh/2015/18336

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The most commonly used opioid among the respondents was pentazocine. Previous studies have also reported that pentazocine is commonly used in the treatment of pain associated sickle cell disease [4,21]. This may be due to its wide availability, easy accessibility and low cost [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have also reported that pentazocine is commonly used in the treatment of pain associated sickle cell disease [4,21]. This may be due to its wide availability, easy accessibility and low cost [21]. There is also a possibility that it is used as the sole option for management of chronic pain disregarding other possible potent treatment options like nerve block, physiotherapy, orthopaedic intervention or surgery, and cognitive behaviour therapy [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some personality disorders resulting from opioid dependence reflective of dysfunction in the limbic system and higher centres are loss of productivity at work, truancy and criminal tendency ostensibly to raise funds for crave satisfaction. Ultimately, job loss, premature school attrition and other socio-economic are untoward effects of pentazocine abuse [20,21]. It has also been associated with stealing [20,21] and other corrupt practices (to raise money for its purchase) as well as loss of job following associated physical deformity [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pentazocine addiction is underreported in Nigeria probably due to low index of suspicion especially in cases where the patients do not easily divulge information [22]. In Nigeria, despite regulation, pentazocine is still being purchased "over the counter" in many places [21]. Clinical experience has indicated a rising prevalence of addiction to pentazocine in the Nigerian population in people living with sickle cell disease [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Nigeria, despite regulation, pentazocine is still being purchased "over the counter" in many places [21]. Clinical experience has indicated a rising prevalence of addiction to pentazocine in the Nigerian population in people living with sickle cell disease [20,21]. This study is designed to determine the extent of the problem, assess the prescription pattern of the attending physicians as well as evaluate the necessity for guidelines in the prescription of opioids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Survey of Pentazocine Addiction and Opioid Use in Adult Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients: The Perspective of Healthcare Providers

Madu¹

2018

HIJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Survey of Pentazocine Addiction and Opioid Use in Adult Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients: The Perspective of Healthcare Providers

Madu¹

2018

HIJ

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Pentazocine Misuse among Sickle Cell Disease Patients and The Role of Lack of Enforcement of Opioid Dispensing Regulations by Community Pharmacies: A Descriptive Observational Study

Nnachi

Akpa

Nwani

et al. 2022

Advances in Public Health

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Introduction. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic disease characterized by debilitating bone pains which commonly necessitate the use of analgesic drugs including opioids and psychotropic substances such as pentazocine which are controlled medicines in Nigeria. Opioid misuse including dependence and addiction is an increasing trend among SCD patients, and it has serious adverse implications on their social, economic, and physical well-being. The role of lack of implementation of existent regulation on the dispensing of opioids by pharmacies has not been adequately investigated. Objective. The primary objective of this study is to define the sociodemographic and clinical implications of pentazocine misuse among patients with SCD and to describe the contributions of lack of enforcement of opioid dispensing regulations to this menace. Materials and Methods. The study was a descriptive observational study. A 29-item pretested and prevalidated questionnaire was administered to 21 SCD patients with an established history of pentazocine misuse and addiction to establish their demographics, details of opioid use, and their clinical effects. Nine community pharmacies were interviewed to ascertain their knowledge of controlled medicines and their compliance to existent regulations on the dispensation of opioids. Results. The median (interquartile range) age of the SCD subjects was 24 years. The majority of subjects (14, 66.7%) had tertiary education. Fifteen (71.4%) of them had a history of pentazocine misuse for over two years. All subjects source pentazocine injection from local pharmacies and patent medicine shops without prescription, while 19.0% get home deliveries. Seventeen (80.9%) of the SCD subjects desired to discontinue the habit; however, inadequate medical support was reported to contribute to their inability to overcome this practice in 14 (54.3%) patients. Most of the local pharmacies/drug shop proprietors are aware of drug laws guiding controlled medicines in Nigeria. However, about 77.9% of pharmacies interviewed retail pentazocine without prescription. A lack of enforcement by the state and federal taskforce was reported to contribute to this practice. Conclusion. Pentazocine misuse is a serious problem in patients with SCD. Inadequate medical support and lack of enforcement of regulations on dispensing opioids by community pharmacies are contributors to this menace.

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Self-management for sickle cell disease among patients and parents: A qualitative study

2023

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Objective This study aimed to explore self-management practices among patients and parents of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods The qualitative descriptive design was employed. The study involved 19 participants comprising adult SCD patients ≥16 years, and nine parents of SCD children ≤ 15 years. Purposive sampling was conducted to select participants from a teaching hospital and SCD association. Data was collected using one-on-one interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Self-management was reported through four categories including preventive health, self-monitoring, self-diagnosis, and self-treatment. Hydration, nutrition, activity limitation, avoidance of cold temperatures, and supportive medications were the most common preventive health actions. Regarding self-monitoring and self-diagnosis, the parents emphasized objective indicators such as changes in urine and eye colour compared to the adults who utilize subjective indicators such as feeling unwell and easy fatigue. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures were reported by both groups for treating painful episodes, fever, leg ulcers, priapism, and unspecified symptoms. Discussion The participants in this study practice several self-management actions with some differences in application between adults and children. Tailored self-management services may be helpful for adults and children when developing services for SCD patients.

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Pentazocine abuse in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Seen at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: A Chronic Menace

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Survey of Pentazocine Addiction and Opioid Use in Adult Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients: The Perspective of Healthcare Providers

Survey of Pentazocine Addiction and Opioid Use in Adult Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients: The Perspective of Healthcare Providers

Pentazocine Misuse among Sickle Cell Disease Patients and The Role of Lack of Enforcement of Opioid Dispensing Regulations by Community Pharmacies: A Descriptive Observational Study

Self-management for sickle cell disease among patients and parents: A qualitative study

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