Pentagonal Microstrip Antenna With Frequency Reconfigurability Using Pin Diode for Wireless Networks

Abstract

This study presents a design for a frequency-reconfigurable pentagonal patch antenna for wireless networks, operating at 10 different frequencies by utilizing the switching states of PIN diodes. The size of our proposed antenna is 26.31 × 20.24 × 1.5 mm<sup>3</sup>. The insertion of four PIN diodes in the patch offers frequencies of 3.5 and 5.81 GHz in M1 mode, 2.438, 5.855, and 7.805 GHz in M2 mode, 2.715, 4.775, and 6.305 GHz in M3 mode, and 4.7375 and 6.2975 GHz in M4 mode. Therefore, the suggested design accommodates various applications as well as 4G/5G bands, WiFi, WiFi 6E, ISM band, radar, radio relay systems and communication systems, etc. This design shows good return loss across all resonant frequencies. Additionally, the structure shows satisfactory performance in terms of gain, directivity, VSWR, and bandwidth.