Pentachlorophenol detection at the source of emission

Wuske, Thomas; Fittkau, I; Mahn, J.A.; Polzius, R.; Manns, Andreas

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00681-8

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…26 Immunochemical methods, namely ELISA, are cost-effective and can serve as the tools for the semiquantitative screening of environmental samples when validity of the used immunochemical method is verified by comparison with instrumental methods. To our knowledge, the application of ELISA together with passive sampling has been rarely investigated, 18,19 and sulfonamide screening by POCIS/ELISA has not been published until now.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ELISA has been used for direct screening of environmental samples, 17 however its use in combination with passive sampling (especially POCIS) has been rarely reported. 18,19 Sulfonamides are antimicrobial agents still widely used in human and veterinary medicine. The unchanged parent compounds and their metabolites are excreted from human and animal organisms and discharged to sewers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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POCIS sampling in combination with ELISA: Screening of sulfonamide residues in surface and waste waters

et al. 2012

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Sulfonamide antibiotics coming from both human and veterinary medicine are among the most common emerging pollutants in freshwater. The present paper shows the successful application of passive sampling using POCIS in combination with an immunochemical ELISA technique and HPLC/MS/MS analysis to study the distribution of sulfonamides in streams around small towns in the Czech Republic, as well as around a major agglomeration of the city of Brno, including its waste water treatment plant (WWTP). Results indicated the presence of sulfonamides at most studied sites with concentrations ranging from <20 up to 736 ng of sulfamethoxazole equivalents per POCIS. Very high levels were detected in both the influent and effluent of the Brno WWTP with maxima > 8000 ng SMX per POCIS. All samplers collected down-stream of the studied towns and WWTPs clearly showed an increase in sulfonamide drug residues. Higher concentrations were determined in rivers at the city of Brno agglomeration. In agreement with other available studies, these findings indicate low efficiency of conventional WWTPs to eliminate polar pharmaceuticals such as sulfonamides. Good performance and correlation with the LC/MS results, as well as ease of use, indicate good potential for the immunochemical ELISA technique to become the screening tool for sulfonamide determination in surface waters including passive samplers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

POCIS sampling in combination with ELISA: Screening of sulfonamide residues in surface and waste waters

et al. 2012

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“…To our knowledge, the performance of ELISA in connection with POCIS sampling has been investigated in a limited number of studies. 12,13 Analytical characterization of atrazine ELISA A commercial atrazine ELISA kit was used for the analysis of POCIS extracts. The production of the rabbit antibody against atrazine used in this ELISA was published previously, 20 and these reagents were incorporated into the assay kit by Sedium R&D, Czech Republic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,10,11 Through the last six years, chromatographic methods such as liquid or gas chromatography (LC or GC), usually combined with a DAD or MS detector, have been employed for environmental analyses using POCIS sampling. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Although these systems allow a specific and sensitive detection, they are expensive and thus unsuitable for screening large sample loads. Immunochemical methods, often used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format, can provide a cost effective, sensitive and fast screening alternative to instrumental techniques.…”

Section: Journal Of Environmental Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of atrazine in surface waters by combination of POCIS passive sampling and ELISA detection

et al. 2011

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Polar organic compound integrative samplers (POCIS) in combination with instrumental techniques such as LC-MS-MS were previously used to monitor environmental pollutants but the performance of alternative immunochemical methods such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) has been explored less. In the present study, POCIS technology was applied to surface water sampling in the Czech Republic, and ELISA was used as a detection technique for the herbicide atrazine. In the first study, 28 samples from streams around small municipal waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) were collected using two different devices (POCISpest and POCISpharm) over the course of 21 days. Elevated atrazine concentrations (up to 25 ng per POCIS) were found in samples down-stream of WWTPs. This observation was also confirmed in another two year study (4 sampling periods) investigating 7 river sites around a major city of Brno as well as the inlet and outlet of the city's WWTP. High atrazine levels were systematically determined at the outlet from the WWTPs (120-605 ng per POCIS). A decreasing trend in the atrazine concentrations in rivers around the city of Brno has been observed, with the highest levels observed within the first sampling period in spring 2007 (100-600 ng per POCIS, with an extreme value of 2760 ng per POCIS). Results of the atrazine ELISA were closely correlated with LC-MS/MS, which confirmed good applicability of ELISA as a cost-effective screening tool.

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“…Better implementation of existing legislation and guidelines and future directives require the availability of analytical enabling technologies that are practical, compatible with the recommendations and sufficiently cost-effective that they do not burden public funds with ever increasing expenditure levels. Analysis of pentachlorophenol in water and soil extracts may be carried out by physicochemical methods such as GC and HPLC [7,8,9,10,11] or by immunological techniques such as ELISA and other antibody-dependent procedures [12,13,14,15] and bioassays [16]. The advantages and convenience of immunoassays can only be fully realized by continuously improving the basic technology in terms of immunochemistry and simplified analysis procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a polyclonal antiserum to pentachlorothiophenol-acetic acid-KLH immunogen: binding properties and use with heterologous PCP derivatives in ELISA for pentachlorophenol

Abuknesha

Griffith

2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A polyclonal antiserum to pentachlorothiophenol-acetic acid-KLH was generated in sheep and assessed by solid phase ELISA. The assessment procedure included use of double checkerboard analysis in the absence and in the presence of analyte loads, estimation of cross reactivities of chlorophenol pesticides, assessment of the effect of pH, Tween 20, and Thames water matrix. The antiserum was highly specific for pentachlorophenol and enabled minimum detection limits of less than 0.2 ng mL(-1) in river water matrix. Particularly important was the significant improvement of assay performance in the absence of Tween 20 and at pH 4 and the very low cross reactivity (less than 0.01%) for other commonly used chlorophenols-2,4,5-trichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. The study re-affirms the importance of the judicious choice of hapten derivatives in the synthesis of immunogens and assay reagents for pentachlorophenol analysis by competitive immunoassays.

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Pentachlorophenol detection at the source of emission

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

POCIS sampling in combination with ELISA: Screening of sulfonamide residues in surface and waste waters

POCIS sampling in combination with ELISA: Screening of sulfonamide residues in surface and waste waters

Determination of atrazine in surface waters by combination of POCIS passive sampling and ELISA detection

Evaluation of a polyclonal antiserum to pentachlorothiophenol-acetic acid-KLH immunogen: binding properties and use with heterologous PCP derivatives in ELISA for pentachlorophenol

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