Penser et pratiquer la formation aujourd'hui : Mise en perspective des approches psychosociales et ergonomiques de la formation

Abstract

Penser et pratiquer la formation aujourd'hui : Mise en perspective des approches psychosociales et ergonomiques de la formation RESUME Le domaine de la formation est actuellement dominé, tant du point de vue scientifique que de celui des pratiques, par deux grands courants: le courant psychosociologique et le courant ergonomique. Si l'apport de l'un comme de l'autre est incontestable, on constate une grande méconnaissance entre ces deux courants, ainsi que l'absence d'un dialogue et d'une mise en perspective scientifique. Cette contribution propose d'initier cette démarche, à la fois dans l'optique de développer les pratiques des formateurs -qu'il s'agisse de professionels de la formation ou de personnes appelées à jouer ce rôle ponctuellement dans leur carrière -, mais aussi d'aider les commanditaires de formation à mieux orienter leurs choix de formation grâce à une meilleure compréhension des deux approches. ABSTRACTFaced with new challenges from globalisation, technological changes and demographic change, organisational training take on today a crucial importance in the development of human resources in organisations. This area is at present dominated from both a scientific and practical viewpoint by two major currents: a psychosociological current and an ergonomic current. The contributions of each in organisational human resources development are unquestionable, but we have observed significant levels of misunderstanding between the two, as well as an absence of dialogue and scientific objectivity. The present contribution proposes to initiate this dialogue, with an eye toward developing training practices, and aiding those who seek to train personnel in orienting their choices of training, thanks to a better understanding of both main approaches.From this perspective, based as much on historical research as on more recent work, several points in common are apparent. (1) There is a desire to develop new learning strategies which draws substance from scientific research, and which constitutes a departure from school-based approaches. (2) There is a strong link between theory and action, together with practices that combine practice and knowledge. (3) A vision of learning as the result of action combined with reflection on action.(1) A concentration on groups from psychosociological approaches, as opposed to a concentration on work from ergonomic perspectives. (2) A concentration on functional and specific aspects of work in the ergonomic approach, and emphasis on relational and transversal aspects in the psychosociological approach. (3) Four points concerning which technical exchanges would be profitable. (4) A major controversy on the question of whether the link between work and training is necessary or not. By becoming aware of the complementarity of the two approaches (compatible and different), we become convinced that it is essential to begin a dialogue in order to make organisational training practices more understandable and more effective.Key words : animatics, ergonomics, psychosociology, trainin...