Penile length augmentation surgical and non-surgical approaches for aesthetical purposes

Gómez, Borja García; Alonso-Isa, Manuel; Rojo, Esther García; Fiorillo, Alessandro; Otero, Javier

doi:10.1038/s41443-021-00488-7

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The papers analyzed in this review demonstrated inconsistent approaches in evaluating changes in penile dimensions, highlighting the absence of a consensus in assessing and reporting efficacy outcomes. Previous reviews have also acknowledged the lack of valid methods for evaluating outcomes, particularly in procedures for aesthetic purposes [10,67,68]. The strength of this review lies in a comprehensive analysis of interventions performed for both aesthetic and therapeutic reasons in patients with concurrent penile disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for Penile Augmentation Surgery: A Systematic Review of Surgical Outcomes, Complications, and Quality of Life

Falagario,

Piramide,

Pang

et al. 2024

Medicina

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The increase in practices related to enhancing penile size can be attributed to the belief that an improved genital appearance contributes to a man’s virility, coupled with an altered self-perception of his body. It is crucial to tailor interventions to meet the genuine needs of patients by thoroughly assessing their history, psychological state, and potential surgical benefits, all while considering the associated risks of complications. This systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence on outcomes, complications, and quality of life after penile augmentation surgery, examining both minimally invasive and more radical techniques. A search of the PubMed and Scopus databases, focusing on English-language papers published in the last 15 years, was performed in December 2023. Papers discussing surgery in animal models and case reports were excluded from the present study unless further evaluated in a follow-up case series. The primary outcomes were changes in penile dimensions, specifically in terms of length and girth, as well as the incidence of surgical complications and the impact on quality of life. A total of 1670 articles were retrieved from the search and 46 were included for analysis. Procedures for penile length perceived enhancements include lipoplasty, skin reconstruction plasty, V-Y and Z plasty, flap reconstruction, scrotoplasty, ventral phalloplasty, and suspensory ligament release; techniques for increasing corporal penile length include penile disassembly, total phalloplasty, and sliding elongation. Finally, penile girth enhancement may be performed using soft tissue fillers, grafting procedures, biodegradable scaffolds, and Penuma®. In conclusion, while penile augmentation surgeries offer potential solutions for individuals concerned about genital size, the risks and complexities need to be accounted for.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for Penile Augmentation Surgery: A Systematic Review of Surgical Outcomes, Complications, and Quality of Life

Falagario,

Piramide,

Pang

et al. 2024

Medicina

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“…Excessive concerns over the size of penis can even lead to small penis syndrome, a type of body dysmorphic disorder that can lead to major depression with the potential for associated psychosis or suicidal ideation [26]. These unrealistic and unattainable media representations have led to a considerable number of men becoming so concerned about their penis size that they seek to undergo costly and potentially hazardous surgeries for penis augmentation and enlargement [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depictions of penises in historical paintings reflect changing perceptions of the ideal penis size

Gul

Altintas

Özkent³

et al. 2022

BJU International

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Objectives To investigate alterations in depicted penis size by evaluating nude male paintings from the 15th to 21st centuries. Materials and Methods Nude‐male paintings were identified from various art history websites and analysed to determine changes in penis size over time. Two observers organised the paintings according to the century in which they were created and made the calculations. Penile length to ear length (PtEL) or penile length to nose length (PtNL) were calculated to standardise the measurements using professional image analysis software. PtEL was first attempted for all paintings; if PtEL could not be ascertained, then nose length was used instead of the ear, as the nose length is defined as equal to ear length according to the golden ratio. Thus, PtNL was ensured and both ratios were then referred to using a common term: penis depiction ratio (PDR). Further analysis was performed by dividing the paintings into three groups according to the historical development of art: Renaissance Period (1400–1599; 15th–16th centuries), Baroque–Rococo and Impressionism Period (1600–1899; 17th–19th centuries) and Contemporary Art Period (1900–2020; 20th and 21st centuries). Results Of 232 identified paintings, 72 (31.1%) were excluded because they depicted images of adolescents or an erect penis. The PDR was found to differ significantly between paintings created in different centuries (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that paintings from the 21st century demonstrated significantly higher PDRs than paintings from previous centuries (P = 0.001). Conclusions In paintings depicting nude males, the size of the penis has gradually increased throughout the past seven centuries, and especially after the 20th century. This observation illustrates the changing sociocultural inputs into male body image and emphasises the need for improved understanding of the sociocultural factors associated with the perception of penis size in men.

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“…The definition of a "short" or a "small-sized" penis is unclear and debatable [1]. The length and/or the girth of the penis may be augmented surgically and non-surgically, and there has been a rise in non-surgical injections of products into the penis for aesthetic purposes by patients themselves, unregulated injectors, aestheticians, who may or may not be clinicians [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications and outcomes following injection of foreign material into the male external genitalia for augmentation: a single-centre experience and systematic review

et al. 2023

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Injection of exogenous material into the penis and scrotum has been performed for augmentation purposes. Complications include cosmetic dissatisfaction, penile necrosis and lymphoedema. We report the complications and outcomes from a single centre with an updated systematic review of the literature. A retrospective review of all cases presenting with foreign substance injection into the genitalia, over a 10-year period was performed. Thirty-five patients with a mean (standard deviation (SD); range) age of 36.9 (±9.1; 22–61) years at presentation were included. The mean (SD; range) time between injection and presentation was 7.8 (±5.8; 1 day–20 years) years. The most common injected substance was silicone (n = 16, 45.7%) and liquid paraffin (n = 8, 22.9%). The penile shaft (94.3%) was the most injected site. The most common presentations were cosmetic dissatisfaction (57.1%) and pain and/or swelling (45.7%). Surgery was required in 32 (91.4%) cases. Primary procedures included local excision and primary closure (n = 19, 59.4%), circumcision (n = 5, 15.6%), excision with a split skin graft or a scrotal flap reconstruction (n = 5, 15.6%). Three (8.6%) patients presented with necrosis and required acute debridement. Overall, 18 patients had more than 1 procedure, and 8 patients required 3 or more procedures. A systematic search of the literature identified 887 articles of which 68 studies were included for analysis. The most common substance injected was paraffin (47.7%), followed by silicone (15.8%). The majority of patients (77.9%) presented with pain, swelling or penile deformity. 78.8% of the patients underwent surgical treatment, which included excision and primary closure with or without the use of skin grafts (85.1% of all procedures), the use of flaps (12.3%) and penile amputation (n = 2). Complications of foreign body injection into the male genitalia can be serious resulting in necrosis and autoamputation. Surgical intervention is often required to excise abnormal tissue to manage pain and improve cosmesis.

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Penile length augmentation surgical and non-surgical approaches for aesthetical purposes

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Techniques for Penile Augmentation Surgery: A Systematic Review of Surgical Outcomes, Complications, and Quality of Life

Techniques for Penile Augmentation Surgery: A Systematic Review of Surgical Outcomes, Complications, and Quality of Life

Depictions of penises in historical paintings reflect changing perceptions of the ideal penis size

Complications and outcomes following injection of foreign material into the male external genitalia for augmentation: a single-centre experience and systematic review

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