Penile cellulitis due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an HIV-positive man

Sturgiss, Elizabeth; Bowden, Francis J.

doi:10.1258/ijsa.2007.007255

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The most common locations of SSTIs have traditionally been the lower and upper extremities, followed by the trunk, axillae, face and neck. Recently, MRSA SSTIs are increasingly reported in the perigenital regions [5,10,24,30,32,35,37,38,44]. In the general population, infections with MRSA in these regions have also been documented and associated with high-risk sexual behaviours [45].…”

Section: Types Of Mrsa Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among HIV‐infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literature

Shadyab

Crum-Cianflone

2012

HIV Medicine

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Objectives Despite the rise of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) among HIV‐infected persons during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the precise relationship between these two infections has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive, literature‐based review of MRSA infections among HIV‐infected persons. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE using the search terms “HIV” and “MRSA” identified references published during the HAART era (January 1996 to January 2011). Relevant articles on MRSA in the general population were also reviewed for comparison. Results The most common type of MRSA infection among HIV‐infected persons is SSTI caused by USA300, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL)‐positive strains. HIV‐infected persons have an increased risk for both initial MRSA infections and recurrent infections compared with the general population. Risk factors for MRSA infections in this population include immunosuppression, comorbid conditions and certain lifestyle behaviours such as high‐risk sexual behaviours and illicit drug use. Further research is needed on the optimal treatment and prevention strategies for MRSA infections among HIV‐infected persons. Conclusions HIV‐infected persons have a propensity for MRSA SSTI and a high rate of recurrent disease. The reasons for the elevated rates of MRSA infections among HIV‐infected persons appear to be multifactorial, but may be mitigated with optimized HIV control and reductions in associated risk factors.

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Section: Types Of Mrsa Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among HIV‐infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literature

Shadyab

Crum-Cianflone

2012

HIV Medicine

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“…Under these circumstances, it can be difficult to diagnose penile cellulitis and provide the best course of treatment without isolating the exact stain of microbiology cultures [4,8]. However, a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the penis in our case helped visualize fluid collection and the echogenicity of penile soft tissue, along with clinical findings, further supporting the definitive diagnosis of cellulitis [8,[10][11][12]. POCUS was indicated in our case as a supporting modality to support a diagnosis and significantly avoid additional costs associated with extensive laboratory investigations for our patient [10][11][12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Commonly, the spectrum of clinical presentation of penile cellulitis overlapped with sexually transmitted infections and was the point of contention in our patient [3][4][5]10]. Usually, the patient diagnosed with an STI presents with penile swelling, localized pain, and either purulent or watery discharge [3,4,7,10]. As a result, specific investigations for STIs should be carried out to rule out sexually transmitted diseases [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Cellulitis of the Penis with Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in a Resource-Limited Setting

Asfaw

Anand

Huang

et al. 2023

Case Reports in Emergency Medicine

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Cellulitis is a potentially serious bacterial skin infection. Penile cellulitis refers to the inflammation of the penile shaft and commonly occurs in uncircumcised, sexually active young adults. We reported the case of a 25-year-old heterosexual circumcised male patient with a two-day history of swelling and pain over the penile shaft. Local examination revealed a diffusely swollen penile shaft, erythematous, warm to the touch, and tender. The penile discharge culture was suggestive of a Streptococcus species infection. Ultrasonography of the penis showed increased echogenicity of the left side of the penile shaft soft tissue with a markedly increased Doppler signal, indicating cellulitis. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with cellulitis of the penis and managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Though history and clinical examination are sufficient to diagnose penile cellulitis, our case highlighted that ultrasound could also support the diagnosis of penile cellulitis and help rule out differentials.

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“…This case highlights the importance of obtaining cultures from secretions and genital lesions to guide treatment and the need to choose empiric antibiotics based on local resistance patterns [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pediatric populations, however, GBS has been reported only in young infants and is exceedingly uncommon in toddlers [2]. Infections caused by Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are an emerging problem and is increasing in prevalence among staphylococcal infections [3]. Currently, it has been reported in young pediatrics population, more common in children in day care centers [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile Cellulitis Due to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in a 15 Month Old Uncircumcised Boy: A Case Report

Disla¹,

Flores²,

Guerra³

et al. 2020

J Clin Case Stu

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Within 24 hours the swelling and redness of the penis showed evidence of improvement. He was able to void without difficulty and was discharged home after 48 hours of intravenous antibiotics. He completed a 7-day outpatient course of oral Clindamycin. Upon follow-up, patient had recovered without any complications. DiscussionPenile cellulitis presents as swelling of the penis and may be associated with discharge as well as inguinal lymphadenopathy. It may also produce urinary symptoms as well as systemic toxicity. Although uncommon, is predominantly seen in sexually active young men. It can, however, affect all age groups including pediatric population such as newborns and young children [1].Physiology phimosis is a common finding in uncircumcised newborn males. Due to this, the foreskin is unable to be retracted and adhesions are visualized. If the prepuce is forcefully retracted, it may cause micro traumas which are a predisposing factor causing balanoposthitis. If balanoposthitis not treated adequately, it can lead to cellulitis of the penis.Given penile cellulitis is usually transmitted sexually, Streptococci are the most common causative organisms isolated. Β-hemolytic Group B Streptococci (GBS) is the likely pathogen as it can be

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Penile cellulitis due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an HIV-positive man

Abstract: This is a study of aggressive penile cellulitis in an HIV-positive man due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Discussion focuses on the importance of recognizing this pathogen in the sexual health setting and possible causes of penile cellulitis.

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among HIV‐infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literature

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among HIV‐infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literature

Diagnosing Cellulitis of the Penis with Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in a Resource-Limited Setting

Penile Cellulitis Due to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in a 15 Month Old Uncircumcised Boy: A Case Report

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