Penicillium expansum (Blue Mold)

Reactive oxygen species metabolism and phenylpropanoid pathway involved in disease resistance against Penicillium expansum in apple fruit induced by ϵ‐poly‐l‐lysine

“…Other bioactive substances such as ursolic acid are found with antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory and antitumor activities . However, postharvest losses can be up to 30–50% because of a lack of refrigeration and poor sanitation in developing countries . Penicillium expansum is a notable fungus that causes blue mould in apple fruit during storage .…”

“…Penicillium expansum is a notable fungus that causes blue mould in apple fruit during storage . Moreover, the production of patulin by P. expansum in infected apple fruit is harmful to human beings, including cytotoxic, genotoxic and immunotoxic effects . Numerous effective synthetic fungicides are limited with respect to their use in the postharvest disease control of fruits and vegetables as a result of pathogen resistance to fungicides, as well as food safety and environmental problems .…”

“…5 However, postharvest losses can be up to 30-50% because of a lack of refrigeration and poor sanitation in developing countries. 6 Penicillium expansum is a notable fungus that causes blue mould in apple fruit during storage. 7 Moreover, the production of patulin by P. expansum in infected apple fruit is harmful to human beings, including cytotoxic, genotoxic and immunotoxic effects.…”

“…7 Moreover, the production of patulin by P. expansum in infected apple fruit is harmful to human beings, including cytotoxic, genotoxic and immunotoxic effects. 6,8 Numerous effective synthetic fungicides are limited with respect to their use in the postharvest disease control of fruits and vegetables as a result of pathogen resistance to fungicides, as well as food safety and environmental problems. 8,10-12 Therefore, new safety strategies are needed for controlling postharvest diseases in fruits and vegetables.…”

Interplay of apple volatile organic compounds with Neofabraea vagabunda and other post‐harvest pathogens

“…Bull’s eye rot (BER), caused by Neofabraea vagabunda (synonyms: N. alba and Phlyctema vagabunda ), is responsible for significant economic losses in packing houses and at retail sites in Italy and other countries, with incidence often exceeding 40% in highly susceptible cultivars such as Cripps Pink (Neri et al , ; Soto‐Alvear et al , ; Cameldi et al , ). Besides BER, grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea , and blue mould, caused by Penicillium expansum , are also common diseases in all countries producing apples (Errampalli, ; Romanazzi & Feliciani, ), while bitter rot, caused by species belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum complex (i.e. C. fioriniae ), has been recently reported in many growing areas and could become an emerging problem (Mari et al , ; Munir et al , ).…”