Penicillinase Production by Haemophilus Influenzae

Williams, J. D.; Kattan, S.; Cavanagh, Peter R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91663-8

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Haemophilus influenzae containing a beta-lactamase was found to be responsible for failure of treatment with ampicillin (12)(13)(14). Since then, the proportion of beta-lactamase-producing organisms has increased for all serotypes, representing about 20%, 15% and 12% of strains isolated in the USA (1986), UK (1981) and France (1985-86), respectively (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Enzymatic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance inHaemophilus influenzae

Gutmann

Williamson

Collatz

et al. 1988

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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Haemophilus influenzae has become increasingly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. Three major mechanisms, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, are involved. Enzymatic resistance is mainly due to production of a TEM-1 plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase, and in some cases to a new enzyme ROB-1. Of the non-enzymatic mechanisms, decreased permeability due to alteration of outer membrane proteins seems to be rare in comparison to decreased affinity of penicillin-binding proteins for beta-lactam antibiotics. Enzymatic resistance is present in about 10-20% of clinical isolates, while non-enzymatic resistance is present only in 2-4%.

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Section: Enzymatic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance inHaemophilus influenzae

Gutmann

Williamson

Collatz

et al. 1988

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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“…influenzae strains in the 1970s (13) and the rising prevalence of such strains in the United Kingdom over the last decade (4,8,9) (currently 5.8% in noncapsulate and 18% in type b isolates), there has been an increasing need to develop alternative oral antimicrobial agents with low toxicity for the treatment of noninvasive infections caused by this species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to cefixime

Powell

Williams

1987

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activity of cefixime against 2,458 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae was determined. All the strains were inhibited by .2 ,ug of cefixime per ml, and the modal MIC was 0.03 ,ug/ml. Activity was unaffected by the presence of D-lactamase produced by 157 isolates. Nineteen of the twenty-four isolates for which cefixime MICs were .0.5 ,ug/ml were D-lactamase negative but showed reduced susceptibility to ampicillin.With the advent of P-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae strains in the 1970s (13) and the rising prevalence of such strains in the United Kingdom over the last decade (4, 8, 9) (currently 5.8% in noncapsulate and 18% in type b isolates), there has been an increasing need to develop alternative oral antimicrobial agents with low toxicity for the treatment of noninvasive infections caused by this species.In the early 1980s, a new cephem was developed which showed broad-spectrum anti-gram-negative-bacterial activity and which was active after oral administration in animal studies (5). Its activity in the presence of a wide range of P-lactamases, including TEM-1, was unimpaired, and in vitro testing showed high activity against a small number of H. influenzae isolates (7). This compound, cefixime, has now been tested against 2,458 clinical isolates of H. influenzae collected during 1986 from 23 laboratories in the United Kingdom.Ampicillin (Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Brentford, United Kingdom) and cefixime (Cyanamid of Great Britain Ltd., Richmond, United Kingdom) were supplied as standard laboratory powders of known potencies.Isolates were collected from 23 laboratories in the United Kingdom, and the identity of the isolates was confirmed by the criteria of XV dependence, a negative porphyrin production test (6), and CO2 independence. Five-hour cultures of each isolate in 1 ml of nutrient broth (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, United Kingdom) containing 5% (vol/vol) inactivated Fildes extract (Oxoid) were diluted 1/100 in peptone water. A Denley multipoint inoculator was used to deliver 0.003-ml volumes (i.e., approximately 104 CFU per spot) to the surface of DST (Oxoid) agar plates supplemented with 0.25% (vol/vol) lysed horse blood and 10 ,ug of NAD (BDH Chemicals, Poole, United Kingdom) per ml and containing doubling dilutions of the antibiotics from 256 to 0.008 jig of ampicillin and 16 to 0.008 ,ug of cefixime per ml. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of antibiotic necessary to prevent visible growth.Ampicillin (2-,ug) and cefixime (30-,ug) disk testing was performed by swab inoculation (from the peptone water suspension) of the same supplemented agar without antibiotic. Isolates found to show zone diameters of -20 mm around 2-,ug ampicillin disks were subjected to 2-,ug/ml * Corresponding author.ampicillin plates only to screen for inhibition of growth by this concentration. The plates were incubated for 18 h at 37°C in 5% COz-95% air.All strains that showed zones of <20 mm were tested for P-lactamase production by an acidometric method (Oxoid) and a cell suspensio...

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“…DISCUSSION Our characterization of this strain of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae type B correlates with other recent investigations. It is now clear that ampicillin resistance is mediated by the production of a beta-lactamase (7,15). Farrar and O'Dell have found that this beta-lactamase resembles those produced by other gram-negative bacilli (5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae Type B

Eickhoff¹,

Ehret²,

Baines³

1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A 28-year-old female in Denver was found in early 1974 to have frontal sinusitis, osteomyelitis, and bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae, type B. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin for this organism was 100 ,ug/ml and the minimal bactericidal concentration was >100 ,zg/ml. It was inhibited by chloramphenicol at 0.4 gg/ml. Further studies demonstrated that ampicillin and methicillin were synergistic against this organism. It was shown to produce a diffusible beta-lactamase. Transferase of resistance from this organism to a susceptible Haemophilus parainfluenzae and a reciprocal transfer were accomplished. A test for transformation was negative as was a test for reversal of resistance by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

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Penicillinase Production by Haemophilus Influenzae

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance inHaemophilus influenzae

Mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance inHaemophilus influenzae

In vitro susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to cefixime

Characterization of an Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae Type B

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