Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae septic shock and meningitis complicating chronic graft versus host disease: a case report and review of the literature

Haddad, Philip A.; Repka, Tanya; Weisdorf, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01154-3

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered even to patients who have received pneumococcal vaccine, because not all strains are included in the vaccines, the immunogenicity of vaccines against the vaccine strains in HCT patients is only, at most, about 80% [194,195], and because of the theoretic concern that strains not included in the vaccine will replace vaccine strains. Oral penicillin remains the preferred choice, but antibiotic selection depends on the local pattern of pneumococcal resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics (ie, second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones) [196][197][198][199]. Early empirical antibiotic treatment is required in any HCT patient with suspected IPI, regardless of the time since transplant, the immunization status, and the use of chemoprophylaxis (AIII) [193].…”

Section: Preventing Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Preventing Infectious Complications among Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Global Perspective

Tomblyn¹,

Chiller²,

Einsele³

et al. 2009

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

1,519

1,540

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Section: Preventing Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Preventing Infectious Complications among Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Global Perspective

Tomblyn¹,

Chiller²,

Einsele³

et al. 2009

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

1,519

1,540

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“…171,172 The incidence is highest in allogeneic HSC recipients with chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). 172,173,[202][203][204] Compared with the general population, the relative risk (RR) of IPD was 30.2 among HSC recipients 172 and 12.8 among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients residing in the same geographic region. 205 Serotypes implicated among transplant recipients are similar to those reported in immunocompetent patients.…”

Section: Risk In Solid and Hematologic Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Strategies for Prevention

Lynch¹,

Zhanel²

2009

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

229

119

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia in children and adults. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) primarily affects young children, older adults (> 65 years of age), and individuals with comorbidities or impaired immune systems. Case fatality rates range from 10 to 30% in adults with IPD but are much lower (< 3%) in children. In this article, we describe the epidemiology of IPD, risk factors, and the influence of host- and organism-specific factors on outcomes. Most cases of IPD are caused by a limited number of serotypes that vary in infectivity and virulence. Vaccinating adults and high-risk patients with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine reduces the incidence of IPD in populations at risk but does not affect nasopharyngeal colonization and has had limited benefit in the population at large. Use of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children in the United States since 2000 has resulted in a substantial decline of IPD in both children and adults (by herd immunity), but has facilitated the emergence of serotypes not encompassed in the PCV7 vaccine. Recent reports of "replacement" serotypes that have heightened virulence are worrisome. In this chapter, we discuss the role of vaccines (both polysaccharide and conjugate) and other preventive strategies to limit this important and potentially lethal disease.

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“…In literature we identified 14 case studies with detailed descriptions of 18 patients. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Causative organisms were S. pneumoniae in 3 of 18 patients (17%) and Listeria monocytogenes in 7 of 18 patients (39%). Enterococcus faecium was reported 3 of 18 patients (17%) and Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Elizabethkinkia meningoseptica and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus were all reported once.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Although the risk of infection after autologous and allogeneic HSCT has been well recognized, few studies have reported on the risk bacterial meningitis following HSCT. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The number of allogeneic HSCT has increased in the Netherlands in the past decade from 175 in 2008 to 376 in 2012. 26 Furthermore, as survival following HSCT has substantially increased over the years, the number of patients at risk is growing fast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial meningitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a population-based prospective study

Veen

Brouwer

Ende

et al. 2016

Bone Marrow Transplant

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We performed a nationwide prospective cohort study on the epidemiology and clinical features of community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Patients with a medical history of autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were identified from the cohort performed from March 2006 to October 2014. Fourteen of 1449 episodes (1.0%) of bacterial meningitis occurred in patients with a history of HSCT. The incidence of bacterial meningitis in HSCT recipients was 40.4 per 100 000 patients per year (95% confidence interval (CI) 23.9-62.2), which is 30-fold (95% CI 18-51; P<0.001) higher compared with persons without HSCT. Incidence was higher in allogeneic HSCT compared with autologous HSCT (70.0 vs 15.8 per 100 000 patients per year). Causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11 patients, Neisseria meningitidis in two and Streptococcus mitis in one patient. Mortality was 3 of 14 (21%) and 6 of 11 (55%) survivors had sequelae. Nine of 11 patients (82%) with pneumococcal meningitis were infected with a serotype included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, of whom four developed meningitis despite vaccination. In conclusion, HSCT recipients have a substantially increased risk compared with the general population of acquiring bacterial meningitis, which is mostly due to S. pneumoniae, and disease is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Vaccination is important to prevent disease although vaccine failures did occur.

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Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae septic shock and meningitis complicating chronic graft versus host disease: a case report and review of the literature

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Guidelines for Preventing Infectious Complications among Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Global Perspective

Guidelines for Preventing Infectious Complications among Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Global Perspective

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Strategies for Prevention

Bacterial meningitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a population-based prospective study

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