Penicillamine-modified sensor for the voltammetric determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in natural samples

Abstract

A new penicillamine-GCE was developed based on the immobilization of d-penicillamine on aryl diazonium salt monolayers anchored to the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface and it was applied for the first time to the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions by stripping voltammetric techniques. The detection and quantification limits at levels of µg L(-1) suggest that the penicillamine-GCE could be fully suitable for the determination of the considered ions in natural samples.

Ag Nanoparticles Drop-Casting Modification of Screen-Printed Electrodes for the Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Cu(II) and Pb(II)

“…This fact could be attributed to the spherical shape of Ag-nanoseeds, which provides a larger surface area, as well as to the wetting behavior of the nanoparticle containing solutions that leads to a more homogeneously distributed layer. Nevertheless, in both cases, the obtained LODs are similar or even better than those provided in the literature using CMEs [28,29], in situ SbFE [7,30,31] or silver nanoparticles based electrodes [32] for Cu(II) and CMEs [28,33,34], SbFEs [6], BiFEs [3] or silver nanoparticles based electrodes [15,32] for Pb(II). It should also be pointed out that, although the linear range for Cu(II) is similar for both Ag-nanoseeds-SPCNFE and Ag-nanoprisms-SPCNFE, in the case of Pb(II), the electrode surface is easily saturated when the Ag-nanoprisms-SPCNFE is used, which results in a significantly narrower linear range.…”

Voltammetric Determination of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Hydrochlorothiazide Using Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with L-Glutamic Acid

“…Concerning the repeatability and reproducibility values attained for SPCE/EGA, these are of the same order of those reported for glutathione modified screen-printed carbon nanofiber electrode [30], glassy carbon modified with penicillamine [29] or epoxy graphite modified with crown ethers [28], which were modified using the same strategy (repeatability between 1.6% and 7.6%; and reproducibility between 2.1% and 8.9%).…”

“…SPCE/EGA electrodes were prepared according to a two-step procedure previously described in the literature [29,30] with minor changes.…”

“…However, another suitable strategy for molecule immobilization that has aroused interest in recent years is based on aryl diazonioum salt monolayers anchored on the electrode surface [23][24][25]. This approach allows the incorporation of a wide range of functional groups to the electrode surface [26] and leads to the development of a recognition device with high repeatability, reproducibility, and stability in the measurements reported [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Oxypalladation Initiating the Oxid­ative Heck Reaction with Alkenyl ­Alcohols: Synthesis of Isocoumarin–Alkanones

“…Thiol rich peptides and macrocyclic compounds, as crown ethers, can be employed as modifiers for metal determination. A simple and flexible approach to attach these compounds to an electrode surface is based on their immobilization on aryl diazonium salt monolayers anchored on the electrode surface, also referred in the literature as electrochemical grafting, which is a valuable alternative to the use of self‐assembled monolayers (SAM) for forming stable complexing surfaces 4–7.…”