PENGGUNAAN METODE PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI ANAK AUTIS

Abstract

Qualitative disorders of communication are one of the characteristics possessed by children with autism. In children with autism occurred late speech development and the child is trying to communicate nonverbally. In this study tested method of Pecs (Picture Exchange Communication System) is an approach that can be used as an alternative to training communication autistic children. This method adjusts the communication characteristics and uniqueness of children with autism. This research aims to develop an approach to improve the communication skills of children with autism before and after the intervention and the extent of influence methods of Pecs in improving the communication skills of children with autism. The subjects were two autistic children who experience barriers to communication. The method used is an experimental method with the approach of Single Subject Research design A-B-A. The results showed that the mean level of capability to the subject 1 in the communication capabilities at baseline-A (A-1) of 4.7 in the intervention phase obtaining the mean level of 6.5, while the baseline phase-2 (A-2) after a given intervention get the mean level of 10. the early ability subject 2 in communication skills at baseline-A (A-1) of 5.7 in the intervention phase obtaining the mean level of 7.63, whereas the baseline phase-2 (A-2) after being given intervention to get the mean level of 11. the results of the study the two subjects above results in improved communication skills of children with autism in both subjects.Keywords : Communication Skills, Autistic, Pecs ( Picture Exchange Communication System) A. PENDAHULUANManusia adalah makhluk sosial atau makhluk yang tidak dapat hidup sendiri, oleh karena itu untuk kelangsungan hidupnya manusia membutuhkan interaksi dan komunikasi dengan lingkungannya. Interaksi dan komunikasi terjadi dari semenjak kita dilahirkan, walaupun tidak akan sama proses interaksi bayi, anak-anak dan orang dewasa, karena interaksi dan komunikasi memiliki tahapan tersendiri.Bagi semua anak, tanpa memandang tingkat perkembangannya dan jenis atau derajat kecacatannya, interaksi dan komunikasi merupakan fondasi penting untuk belajar dan berkembang. Perkembangan tidak terjadi secara vakum. Perkembangan terjadi secara simultan dalam semua bidang perkembangan, dan bidang-biang ini saling terkait dan saling mempengaruhi.

Perancangan Video Motion Graphic Sebagai Media Terapi Komunikasi Bagi Anak Autis

“…Interaksi dan komunikasi terjadi semenjak kita lahir, walaupun proses interaksi bayi, anak-anak, dan orang dewasa tidak akan sama, karena interaksi dan komunikasi memiliki tahapan tersendiri. Bagi semua anak tanpa memandang tingkat kecacatannya, interaksi dan komunikasi merupakan pondasi penting untuk belajar dan berkembang [2].…”

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS): A strategy to improve children’s speaking ability

“…Bondy & Frost explain that the PECS approach has clear objectives, and because it uses images as a medium and does not require prerequisite skills to apply it, and becomes easy to understand (Murwati, 2013). The PECS method can be used as an alternative in training communication for autistic children because it adapts to the communication characteristics and uniqueness of autistic children (Heryati & Ratnengsih, 2017). Khoiriyah (2020) PECS users are those who have poorly developed language skills, as well as those who do not have the will to communicate with others (Murwati, 2013).…”